Cell Structure - Cell Structure

Question 1

Define the term eukaryotic

Answer 1

Eukaryotic means the cell contains a membrane bound nucleus

Question 2

Define the term prokaryotic

Answer 2

Prokaryotic means that DNA is not found in a nucleus, but is found in the cytoplasm

Question 3

Identify animal, plant, algal, fungal, bacteria as either eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Answer 3

• Animal cell = Eukaryotic
• Plant cell = Eukaryotic
• Algal cell = Eukaryotic
• Fungal cell = Eukaryotic
• Bacterial cell = Prokaryotic

Question 4

Describe the structure of the plasma membrane

Answer 4

Made up of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates arranged into a fluid mosaic model

Question 5

Describe the function of the plasma membrane

Answer 5

It controls the passage of molecules in and out of the cell

Question 6

Describe the structure of the nucleus

Answer 6

• Has a nuclear envelope (double membrane with nuclear pores)
• Contains chromosomes
• Contains a nucleolus

Question 7

Describe the function of the nucleus

Answer 7

• DNA codes for polypeptides
• Pores allow substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
• The nucleolus makes ribosomes
• DNA replication occurs here
• mRNA and tRNA are made here

Question 8

Describe the structure of the mitochondria

Answer 8

• Have an inner membrane which form cristae (folding) and an outer membrane
• Liquid found is called the matrix

Question 9

Describe the function of the mitochondria

Answer 9

• Sites of aerobic respiration
• ATP is formed here
• Folding increases surface area

Question 10

Describe the structure of the lysosomes

Answer 10

Sacs surrounded by a single membrane. Produced by the Golgi apparatus.

Question 11

Describe the function of the lysosomes

Answer 11

Contain digestive enzymes called lysozymes and digest old organelles and cells and foreign molecules

Question 12

Describe the structure of the ribosomes

Answer 12

• Small structures which are found mostly on the endoplasmic reticulum
• Made from ribosomal RNA and proteins

Question 13

Describe the function of the ribosomes

Answer 13

Carry out protein synthesis

Question 14

Describe the structure of the endoplasmic recticulum

Answer 14

• Smooth reticulum contains no ribosomes.
• Rough reticulum contains ribosomes

Question 15

Describe the function of the endoplasmic recticulum

Answer 15

Smooth reticulum is where lipids are synthesized

Question 16

Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

Modifies and packages proteins from the rough ER into vesicles for secretion

Question 17

Describe the structure of the chloroplasts

Answer 17

Has a double membrane

Question 18

Describe the function of the hloroplasts

Answer 18

The location for photosynthesis

Question 19

Describe the structure of the vacuole

Answer 19

• Contains cell sap
• Has a membrane called a tonoplast

Question 20

Describe the function of the vacuole

Answer 20

Helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keep it rigid

Question 21

What are the comparisons between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 21

They both contain cytoplasm and a cell surface membrane