Cell structure - Cell Ultrastructure and Cell Wall

Question 1

What is the function of a plasmid?

Answer 1

It contains genetic material
Plasmids are only found in bacterial cells.

Question 2

What type of cell has a cell wall made from cellulose?

Answer 2

A plant cell.
Bacterium and fungal cells have cell walls but they are not made from cellulose.

Question 3

Where do most of the chemical reactions take place in a cell?

Answer 3

The Cytoplasm
Animal, plant, bacterium and fungal cells all contain a cytoplasm.

Question 4

This is an animal cell. Name the structures (organelles) labelled
X and Y and describe their function.

Answer 4

X - nucleus
Contains the genetic material (DNA) and controls all the activities of the cell.

Y - cytoplasm
a gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions of a cell take place

Question 5

What is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 5

-holds the cell together
- controls what substances go in and out of the cell

(cell membrane is found in animal, plant, bacterial and fungal cells).

Question 6

This is an animal cell.

Name another subcellular structure (organelle) other than nucleus and cytoplasm, that can be found in an animal cell that is not shown in the diagram?

Answer 6

Mitochondria - where most of the reactions for respiration take place

Ribosomes - where protein synthesis occurs

Question 7

Give three reasons why this cell could not represent a plant cell?

Answer 7

Doesn’t have chloroplast, cell wall or a vacuole.
All of these are needed in a plant cell.

Question 8

The is a bacterium cell

Name the structures labelled A B and C, and describe their functions.

Answer 8

A - Chromosome / chromosomal DNA
One long circular chromosome. It controls the cells’ activities and replication.

B - Cell Wall
Provides structural support.
In a bacterium the cell wall is made from a different substance to cell wall in plant and fungal cells

C- Plasmid
Small loops of extra DNA that aren’t part of the chromosome. Plasmids contain genes for things like drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria.

Question 9

Bacterial cells are much smaller than animal cells. Describe six differences between bacterial and animal cells.

Answer 9

Bacterial cells
- lack organelles
- do not have a nucleus
- DNA floats free in the cytoplasm
- contain plasmids
- do not contain mitochondria
- have a cell wall

Question 10

This is a plant cell.

What is the name of the organelle labelled J and describe it’s function.

Answer 10

Nucleus - it contains the genetic material and controls the activities of the cell

Question 11

This is a plant cell.

What is the name of the organelle labelled K and describe it’s function.

Answer 11

Ribosomes - where protein synthesis occurs

Question 12

Name one organelle found in plant cells that is not found in animal, bacterial or fungal cells.

Answer 12

Chloroplasts

Question 13

This is a fungal cell

What name is given to the structure labelled?

Answer 13

Vacuole

Question 14

This is a fungal cell

Give two functions of the structure labelled Z

Answer 14

Vacuole
- maintaining the cell pH
- storing small molecules

Question 15

This is a fungal cell

Identify one unlabelled structure shown in the diagram which is not found in animal cells.

Answer 15

cell wall

Question 16

The Diagram shows some structures present in a mesophyll cell from a green plant. Which line in the table identifies correctly the structure in the cell that carry out photosynthesis and contain genetic information?

Answer 16

The structure (organelle) labelled 4 is the choloroplasts which is required for photosynthesis.

The structure (organelle) labelled 3 is the nucleus which contains the genetic information and therefore responsible for the cells activities

Question 17

Diagram shows some structures present in a fungal cell.
Which line in the table identifies correctly the site of aerobic respiration and the structure that provides support for the cell?

Answer 17

D
structure 1 is the mitochondria - the site of aerobic respiration in a cell

structure 3 is the cell wall - gives support and structure to the cell

Question 18

The diagram represents a cell from a green plant.

Give evidence from the diagram that suggests that this cell can carry out photosynthesis

Answer 18

The presence of chloroplasts tell us that the cell can carry out photosynthesis.
chloroplasts - the site of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

Question 19

The diagram represents a cell from a green plant.

Give the function of structure P

Answer 19

Mitochondria
- site of aerobic respiration with a cell (production of ATP)

Question 20

The diagram represents a cell from a green plant.

Name structure Q

Answer 20

Ribosomes
- where protein synthesis takes place in a cell

Animal, plant, bacterial and fungal cells all have ribosomes

Question 21

The diagram represents a cell from a green plant.

Give one structural difference that would be expected between this cell and a fungal cell

Answer 21

cell wall - both plant and fungal cells have a cell wall but in plants it is made of cellulose and in fungal cells it is chitin (so cell wall is composed of different substances)

Fungal cells don’t have chloroplasts

Question 22

Euglena is a single celled organism found in water. The diagram shows some of the structures within Euglena.

Name structure A (1)

Answer 22

Nucleus

Question 23

Euglena is a single celled organism found in water. The diagram shows some of the structures within Euglena.

Give the function of a chloroplast (1)

Answer 23

site of photosynthesis

Question 24

Euglena is a single celled organism found in water. The diagram shows some of the structures within Euglena.

Suggest why Euglena is not a typical plant cell (1)

Answer 24

It has no cell wall, no vacuole and no mitochondria

Question 25

Answer 25

Answer B J - cell membrane M - nucleus

Question 26

Answer 26

(i) Cell membrane ribosome cytoplasm (ii) cellulose

Question 27

Palisade mesophyll cells are found in leaves and carry out photosynthesis. The diagram shows a layer of these cells viewed under a microscope. Name structure P (1)

Answer 27

Cell wall (note if you were just to give 'wall' as the answer you would not get the mark)

Question 28

Palisade mesophyll cells are found in leaves and carry out photosynthesis. The diagram shows a layer of these cells viewed under a microscope. Describe the difference that would be found in the ultrastructure of plant cells that do not carry out photosynthesis. (1)

Answer 28

They would not contain any chloroplasts (Note you would not get the mark if you said "contains less chloroplasts OR don’t contain chlorophyl")

Question 29

The diagram shows a typical green plant cell and some of its structures. Using a letter from the diagram, identify one structure that would also be found in an animal cell (1)

Answer 29

Y or Z Y - cytoplasm Z - mitochondria

Question 30

The diagram shows a typical green plant cell and some of its structures. Choose one structure labelled in the diagram and state its function.

Answer 30

W (chloroplast)— site of photosynthesis X (cell wall) — gives structure/shape/support to the cell Y (cytoplasm) — site of chemical reactions Z (mitochondria) — site of aerobic respiration/ATP production

Question 31

Answer 31

Answer is D K - cytoplasm L - cell wall M - nucleus

Question 32

The list gives four types of cells. Bacteria, Fungus, Animal and Plant Cell membranes are found in all of these cell types. Describe the function of the cell membrane (1)

Answer 32

The cell membrane controls/allows entry/exit of materials/substances/molecules. It controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 33

The list gives four types of cells. Bacteria, Fungus, Animal and Plant Name one other structure that is also present in all of these cells (1)

Answer 33

ribosome cytoplasm Chromosome cell membrane

Question 34

The diagram shows a typical animal cell and some of its structures. Choose two of the structures labelled and state their functions (2)

Answer 34

Mitochondrion - site of aerobic respiration or releases energy/produces ATP. Cytoplasm - site of chemical reactions. Ribosome(s) - site of protein synthesis. Cell membrane controls or allows entry/exit of materials/substances/ molecules or controls what enters/exits the cell

Question 35

Answer 35

Answer is B Cells P and Q both have a vacuole. Plant cells have vacuoles

Question 36

Paramecium is a single-celled organism which lives in fresh water. The following diagram shows some of its structures. Choose one of the structures and describe its function (1)

Answer 36

Cytoplasm – site of chemical reactions Cell membrane – controls/allows/lets entry and/or exit/passage of materials/substances/ molecules or Controls what enters/exits Nucleus – controls (all) cell activity/activities

Question 37

Paramecium is a single-celled organism which lives in fresh water. The following diagram shows some of its structures. Name the structure present in a plant cell which prevents it from bursting when full of water (1)

Answer 37

Cell wall - the purpose of the cell wall is to give strength, structure and support to the cell so that it can keep its shape

Question 38

The diagram below shows parts of a plant cell. Which part of this cell is composed of cellulose?

Answer 38

Answer B - the cell wall

Question 39

Answer 39

Answer B

Question 40

A group of students carried out an investigation into the variety of cell types. The types of cell they examined are: animal, plant, fungal and bacterial Identify the type(s) of cell which have a cell wall (1)

Answer 40

Plant, bacterial and fungal (note you need to give all 3 types of cell to get the 1 mark)

Question 41

A group of students carried out an investigation into the variety of cell types. The types of cell they examined are: animal, plant, fungal and bacterial Identify the type(s) of cell which have a plasmid (1)

Answer 41

Bacterial cells

Question 42

Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells? A - nucleus B - cell wall C - cell membrane D - ribosome

Answer 42

Answer B - the cell wall

Question 43

The diagram shows parts of a plant cell. In which part of the cell does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 43

Answer C - the chloroplasts

Question 44

Name the organelle that is the site of photosynthesis

Answer 44

Chloroplasts (labelled C in the diagram)

Question 45

Give the name of the jelly-like substance that contains the cell organelles and is the site of many chemical reactions

Answer 45

cytoplasm

Question 46

Name the organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration and ATP production in cells

Answer 46

Mitochondria

Question 47

It is important that you can identify cell types and their structures using a 3-D diagram like this one. what type of cell it is?

Answer 47

plant cell

Question 48

The diagram shows the structures present in a fungal cell. What is the function of structure X? A - controls al the cell's activities B - is the site of protein synthesis C - is the site of aerobic respiration D - is the site of photosynthesis

Answer 48

Answer C Mitochondria is the cell structure which is the site of aerobic respiration

Question 49

In which type of cell is the cell wall made of cellulose? A - plant cells only B - bacterial cells only C - both plant and bacterial cells D - plant, fungal and bacterial cells

Answer 49

Answer B plant cells only

Question 50

Give the name of the circular genetic material present in bacterial cells and is used in genetic engineering or modification

Answer 50

Plasmid

Question 51

Name the membrane-bound sac containing cell sap in plant and fungal cells

Answer 51

Vacuole

Question 52

Name the cell structure that protects and supports plant, fungal and bacterial cells

Answer 52

Cell wall

Question 53

Definition of cell

Question 54

Definition of tissue

Question 55

Definition of organ

Question 56

Definition of system

Question 57

Definition of unicellular organism

Question 58

Definition of multi-cellular organism

Question 59

Definition of organelle

Question 60

What is meant by the term 'ultra structure of a cell'?

Question 61

What is bacteria and bacterium?

Question 62

what is fungal and fungi?

Question 63

What is the function of the nucleus?

Question 64

What is the function of a plasmid?

Question 65

What is the function of the chromosome(s)?

Question 66

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Question 67

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Question 68

What is the function of the ribosome?

Question 69

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Question 70

What is the function of the cell wall?

Question 71

What is the function of the vacuole?

Question 72

What is the function of chloroplasts?