Cell Structure (chapter 4) Flashcards
What are the two molecules that make up cellular membranes?
Lipids & Protiens
What is the thin covering that forms the outer boundary of a cell?
Cell Membrane
What is the movement of substances through a membrane without the use of cell’s own energy?
Passive Transport
Name the two types of passive transport.
Diffusion & Osmosis
What is it called when molecules move from a place where there are many of them (high concentration) to a place where there are a few of them (low concentration)?
Diffusion
Name an example of diffusion.
Perfume molecules leaving an open bottle and spreading throughout the room OR Sugar dissolving in a glass of water.
What can accelerate diffusion?
Heat, movement and pressure
What is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane?
Osmosis
What is a structure in cells that stores various types of materials? They are used as containers inside the cytoplasm of some cells.
Vacuoles
Who was known for grinding his own lenses to view tiny organisms?
Leeuwenhoek
What is it called when a cell uses its own energy to move substances through a membrane?
Active transport
Name the three basic parts of a cell.
Cellular boundaries, cytoplasm, genetic material
What is the thick fluid inside the cell membrane?
Cytoplasm
What are parts of a cell that perform many of the functions needed to keep the cell alive? They are found inside the cytoplasm.
Organelles
What is the cells powerhouse?
Mitochondria
A series of folded membranes found in the cytoplasm of cells that allows substances to move from one part of the cell to another.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Tiny organelles that direct the assembling of proteins.
Ribosomes
An organelle responsible for packing substances that are then released from the cell.
Golgi apparatus
What circulates in the cytoplasm and uses their enzymes as a demolition crew by digesting substances that are no longer needed.
Lysosomes
What is the organelle that contains substances and structures needed to carry on photosynthesis? They contain chlorophyll.
Chloroplasts
Some cells have tiny little hairlike structures on the outside of the cell that are extensions of the cell membrane. They are used in cellular movement. What are these called?
Cilia
Longer than cilia, these whiplike structures are used in cellular movement.
Flagella
The control center for a cell.
Nucleus
What is inside the nucleus that is composed of DNA and other molecules?
Chromosomes
