Cell structure: chloroplast, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosomes & vesicles Flashcards
(25 cards)
Chloroplast
Green, plastid organelles and found in eukaryotic algae and plants. Process of photosynthesis occurs here.
Stroma
Fluid matrix that fills the chloroplast.
Lamella
Disc-shaped membranes found in the stroma. (also known as thylakoids)
Grana
Small stacks of lamella.
Thylakoids
Disc-shaped membranes found in the stroma. (also known as lamella)
Chlorophyll
Green pigment embedded in the lamella.
Photosynthesis
Energy-rich carbohydrates (glucose) are built up in the chlorophyll-containing parts of the plant. Water, carbon dioxide are required, oxygen is a by-product.
Chromoplast
Plastids that occur in different colour pigments (excluding green). Chromoplasts give different colours to flowers, leaves and fruit.
Leucoplast
Colourless plastids that become specialised to store food as starch, lipids or proteins.
Plastid
Occur only in plant cells. (three types of plastids: chromoplasts, chloroplasts and leucoplasts)
Endoplasmic reticulum
Fine membranous network found in plant and animal cells.
Rough ER
Has ribosomes on its surface.
Smooth ER
Has no ribosomes on its surface.
Golgi body
Plays a roles in producing and processing secretions, prepares proteins for transports to other parts of the cell.
Cisternae
Stacks of hollow, flat membrane sacs.
Secretions
A movement of material from one point to another, e.g. mucus, saliva.
Tonoplast
Selectively permeable membrane.
Cell sap
Fluid that fills the tonoplast, made of water and dissolved substances.
Lysosomes
Small vacuoles that play a role in food digestion.
Vesicles
Small vacuoles that transport substances from Golgi body to other parts of the cell.
Contractile vacuoles
Found in unicellular animals and play a role in osmoregulation.
Food vacuoles
Found in simple animals and play a role in the digestion and storage of food.
Centrosome
Play a role in the formation of the spindle during mitosis.
Centrioles
Two small cylinder-shaped structures in the centrosome.
