Cell Structure & Division

Question 1

function of cell surface membrane

Answer 1

made of lipids and proteins, regulates movement of substances

Question 2

function of nucleus

Answer 2

surrounded by nuclear envelope which contains pores. contains chromosomes, had a nucleolus. controls cell activity and makes ribosomes

Question 3

function of mitochondria

Answer 3

double membraned, folded one called cristae, enzymes inside the matric do respiration. produces ATP

Question 4

function of chloroplasts

Answer 4

double membrane called thylakoid, stacked up, they form grana which are linked together by lamellae. site of photosynthesis

Question 5

function of golgi apparatus

Answer 5

flattened sacs with vesicles on the edges. process lipids and make lysosomes

Question 6

function of golgi vesicle

Answer 6

small fluid filled sac which stores lipids and transports them out of the cell

Question 7

lysosome function

Answer 7

a type of golgi vesicle which contains digestive enzymes called lysosymes

Question 8

ribosome function

Answer 8

attached to RER and made of RNA, it processes proteins made by the ribosomes

Question 9

functions of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

surface covered in ribosomes, processes proteins made by those ribosomes

Question 10

function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

has no ribosomes on surface, synthesises lipids

Question 11

function of cell vacuole

Answer 11

contains cell sap, maintains cell pressure

Question 12

cell wall function

Answer 12

mainly made of carbohydrate cellulose, in fungi its called Chitin, supports cells

Question 13

the cell wall in a prokaryote

Answer 13

made of murein, a glycoprotein

Question 14

features of prokaryotes (bacteria)

Answer 14

flagellum, circular DNA in cytoplasm, plasmids containing genes for antibiotic resistance (number of plasmids varies by prokaryote) capsule of slime to protect it from immune systems

Question 15

general structure of a virus

Answer 15

protein coast called capsid with attachment proteins which cling onto the host cells, smaller than bacteria. no cell membrane or cytoplasm

Question 16

name the five stages of viral replication

Answer 16

1, virus attach to host cell 2.DNA/RNA injected 3.genetic material +proteins replicated by host 4.viral components assemble within the cell 5.replicated virus released from host

Question 17

explain prophase

Answer 17

chromosomes visible, short and condensed, spindle fibres develop from the centromere which moves them to opposite poles of cell. nucleolus disappears

Question 18

explain metaphase

Answer 18

chromosomes pulled along spindle apparatus and arrange across the equator line of the cell

Question 19

explain anaphase

Answer 19

centromeres divide, spindle fibres pull apart chromatids and move to opposite cell poles. chromatids now referred to as chromosomes

Question 20

explain interphase

Answer 20

a period when cell isnt dividing but DNA replicates

Question 21

explain telophase and cytokinesis

Answer 21

chromosome become longer and thinner, spindle fibres disappear, nucleolus reforms. cytoplasm divides = cytokinesis

Question 22

in which order is cell division?

Answer 22

interphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis