Cell Structures Flashcards
(23 cards)
Who discovered cells and when
Robert Hooke, 1665
Name the 3 parts of the cell theory
- All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
- Cells are the smallest units of life
- New cells come from pre-existing cells by cell division
Give 2 examples of prokaryotic cells
-Single bacteria
-Biofilms
Give 2 examples of eukaryotic cells
-Protist
-Fungi
Define magnification
The apparent increase in size
Equation for magnification
actual object=image/magnification
Define resolution
The ability to show 2 objects as separate
Complete: Prokaryotes lack a membrane bound ______
Nucleus
State the 2 categories of prokaryotic cells
-archaea
-bacteria
In bacteria where is the DNA located
Nucleoid
State the 4 categories of eukaryotes
-Protists
-Fungi
-Plants
-Animals
State the function of lysosomes
Where macromolecules are degraded
Complete:_______ and ________ contain their own genetic material and divide by binary fission
Mitochondria and chloroplast
State the 4 interacting parts of the eukaryotic cells
-nucleus
-endomembrane system
-cytosol
-semiautonomous organelles
State a function of the cytosol
Organisation and movement via cytoskeleton
State a function of the nucleus
Location of most of the genome
State a function of the endomembrane system
Protein secretion, sorting and degration of organic molecules
State a function of the semiautonomous system
Synthesis of ATP and photosynthesis (system consists of mitochondria and chloroplasts)
What is the sorting of proteins to the ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane and secretory vescles called and when does it occur
Cotranslational sorting and it occurs while translation is occuring
What is the sorting of proteins to the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes called and when does it occur
Post-translational sorting and occurs after translation(synthesis) is complete
If a motor protein was held in place and a cytoskeleton filament was free to move, what type of motion would occur when the motor protein was active
The filament would move
The central vacuole in many plants is important for
Storage and structural support
How does the invagination of the inner membrane of the mitochondria related to mitochondria function
The inner membrane is the site of ATP synthesis. The invagination increases surface area and therefore increases the capacity for ATP synthesis
