Cell Structures and Their Functions

Question 1

Contains genetic material of cell (DNA) and nucleoli; site of RNA Synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly

Answer 1

NUCLEUS

Question 2

Site of protein synthesis

Answer 2

RIBOSOMES

Question 3

Has many ribosomes attached; site of protein synthesis

Answer 3

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ROUGH ER)

Question 4

Site of Lipid synthesis; participates in detoxification

Answer 4

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Question 5

Modifies protein structure and packages proteins in secretory vesicles

Answer 5

GOLGI APPARATUS

Question 6

Contains materials produced in the cell; formed by the golgi apparatus; secreted by exocytosis

Answer 6

SECRETORY VESICLE

Question 7

Contain enzymes that digest material taken into the cell; formed by golgi apparatus

Answer 7

LYSOSOME

Question 8

Breaks down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide

Answer 8

PEROXISOME

Question 9

Site of aerobic respiration and the major site of ATP synthesis

Answer 9

MITOCHONDRION

Question 10

Supports cytoplasm, assists in cell division and forms components of cilia and flagella

Answer 10

MICROTUBULE

Question 11

Move substances over surface of certain cells

Answer 11

CILIA

Question 12

Facilitate the movement of chromosomes during cell division

Answer 12

CENTRIOLES

Question 13

Propel sperm cell

Answer 13

FLAGELLA

Question 14

Increase surface area of certain cells

Answer 14

Microvilli

Question 15

Substances outside the cell

Answer 15

EXTRACELLULAR SUBSTANCES

Question 16

Substances inside the cell

Answer 16

CYTOPLASMIC OR INTRACELLULAR

Question 17

(1) Supporting the cell contents, (2) acting as a selective barrier that determines what moves into and out of cell, (3) playing a role in communication between cells

Answer 17

FUNCTIONS OF CELL MEMBRANE

Question 18

The membrane is primarily made up of two major types of molecules:

Answer 18

PHOSPOLIPIDS, PROTEINS

Question 19

Water fearing

Answer 19

HYDROPHOBIC

Question 20

Cell membrane are selectively _______

Answer 20

PERMEABLE

Question 21

They allow substance, but not others, to pass in or out of the cells

Answer 21

PERMEABLE

Question 22

Does not require the cell to expend energy

Answer 22

PASSIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

Question 23

Require the cell to expend energy

Answer 23

ACTIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

Question 24

(1) Diffusion, (2) Osmosis, (3) Facilitated diffusion

Answer 24

PASSIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS

Question 25

(1) Active transport, (2) secondary active transport, (3) Endocytosis, (4) Exocytosis

Answer 25

ACTIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS

Question 26

Solute tend to move from an area where it is in higher concentration to lower concentration

Answer 26

DIFFUSION

Question 27

Difference in the concentration of solute in a solvent

Answer 27

CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

Question 28

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, such as the cell membrane

Answer 28

OSMOSIS

Question 29

The force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 29

OSMOTIC PRESSURE

Question 30

Solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water relative to the cytoplasm

Answer 30

HYPOTONIC

Question 31

If the cell swells enough, it can rupture, a process called

Answer 31

LYSIS

Question 32

The concentrations of various solutes and water are the same on both side of the cell membrane

Answer 32

ISOTONIC

Question 33

Water moves by osmosis from the cell into the hypertonic solution, resulting in __

Answer 33

CELL SHRINKAGE OR CRENATION

Question 34

A mediated transport process

Answer 34

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

Question 35

Two classes of cell membrane

Answer 35

LEAK CHANNELS AND GATED CHANNELS

Question 36

Allows ions to pass through

Answer 36

LEAK CHANNELS

Question 37

Limit the movement of ions across the membrane by opening and closing

Answer 37

GATED CHANNELS

Question 38

Can move water soluble molecules or electrically charges ions across the cell membrane

Answer 38

CARRIER MOLECULES

Question 39

A genetic disorder that affects the active transport of CL- into cells

Answer 39

CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Question 40

The diffusing substances moves in the same direction

Answer 40

COTRANSPORT

Question 41

The diffusing substance moves in a direction opposite of that of the transported substance

Answer 41

COUNTERTRANSPORT

Question 42

Membrane bounds sacs

Answer 42

VESICLES

Question 43

The uptake of material through the cell membrane by the formation of a vesicle

Answer 43

ENDOCYTOSIS

Question 44

Endocytosis usually exhibits specificity, through the process of

Answer 44

RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS

Question 45

Endocytosis when solid particles are ingested.

Answer 45

PHAGOCYTOSIS

Question 46

Smaller vesicles are formed, and they contain liquid rather than solid particles

Answer 46

PINOCYTOSIS

Question 47

The release of substances from the cell through the fusion of a vesicle with the cell membrane

Answer 47

EXOCYTOSIS

Question 48

A substance is taken into the cell by endocytosis, the vesicle is moved across the cell, and the substance is then released from the cell by exocytosis

Answer 48

TRANSCYTOSIS

Question 49

Consist of an outer membrane and an inner membrane with a narrow space between them

Answer 49

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

Question 50

Passageways through which materials move into or out of the nucleus

Answer 50

NUCLEAR PORES

Question 51

How many pairs does Chromosomes have?

Answer 51

23

Question 52

Caused by the inability of lysosomal enzymes to break down the carbohydrate hydrogen

Answer 52

POMPE DISEASE

Question 53

The inner membrane have numerous folds

Answer 53

CRISTAE

Question 54

The material within the inner membrane

Answer 54

MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX

Question 55

Increase the surface area of cells and thus aid in absorption

Answer 55

MICROVILLI

Question 56

4 Stages of Mitosis

Answer 56

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 57

The programmed death of cells

Answer 57

Apoptosis