Cell Structures Part 1 Flashcards
(18 cards)
1
Q
Nucleus V
A
- Contains genetic material and releases it for protein synthesis
- Largest organelle
- Full of chromatin (DNA/ protein complex containing genes)
- Contains nucleolus (region of chromatin involved in making ribosomes and RNA
- Nuclear envelope + pores (allows substances to move in and out of cell)
2
Q
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum III
A
- Site of production and transport of lipids/steroids
- Cisternae from network of flattened sacs
- Membrane made of phospholipid bilayer
3
Q
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum IV
A
- Transports protein around the cell and to the Golgi body
- Cisternae from network of flattened sacs covered in ribosomes
- Membrane made of phospholipid bilayer
- Rough ER membrane is continuous with nuclear envelope
4
Q
Golgi Body III
A
- Produces vesicles to transport glycolipids/proteins to CSM
- Produces lysosomes to break down bacteria/ worn out organelles
- Flattened membrane bound sacs
5
Q
Lysosomes IV
A
- Contains lytic enzymes that digest pathogens and worn out organelles
- Used in WBC and sperm cells (digest egg material)
- Important for apoptosis (programmed cell death)
- Produced by Golgi body
6
Q
Mitochondria IV
A
- Site for aerobic respiration and ATP production
- Maternal circular DNA and 70s ribosomes
- Space called matrix (where DNA is found)
- Double membrane
- Inner membrane folds to from CRISTAE
7
Q
Ribosomes IV
A
- Carry out protein synthesis under directions of molecules in nucleus
- Made of RNA
- NO membrane
- 2 subunits (one large one small)
- Found all over cell and on rough ER
8
Q
Vesicle IV
A
- Transport and secretory vesicles
- Receive proteins from ribosomes
- Substances from Golgi body packaged into vesicles
- Travel along microtubules to CSM to to release substances by exocytosis
9
Q
Membranes III
A
- Compartmentalises organelles
- Isolates enzymes/hormones
- Selectively permeable (for transport of substances)
10
Q
Cytoskeleton XI
A
- Stabilises cell
- Can change shape during endo/exocytosis
- Holds/ moves organelles
- Vesicle and lysosome transport (motors dynein + kinesin uses ATP)
- Movement of chromosomes (cell division)
- Movement of cytoplasm (cytokinesis)
- Movement of mRNA (protein synthesis)
- Movement of proteins
- Make up centrioles and spindle fibres (cell division)
- MICROFILAMENTS made of actin (move against each other to allow cellular movement)
- MICROTUBULES made of tubulin (provide strength + can be extended and broken down)
11
Q
Centrioles IV
A
- Small tubes of protein fibres (microtubules)
- Form spindle fibres (move chromosomes in nuclear division)
- Pair found next to nucleus
- NOT FOUND IN PLANT CELLS
12
Q
Cell Wall IV
A
- Provides strength (cellulose fibres have high tensile strength stops cells bursting when water enters)
- Contents of cell also press against cell wall making it ridged (prevents wilting)
- Freely permeable
- Made of cellulose
13
Q
Permanent Vacuole V
A
- Contains cell sap (sugar and salts)
- Maintains pressure inside cell
- Keeps cell ridged
- Isolation of unwanted chemicals
- Membrane bound organelle (tonoplast)
14
Q
Chloroplasts VII
A
- Outer and inner membrane
-Oil droplets contacting lipids used for making/ repairing membranes (as they are made from phospholipids)
-Grana made from stacks of disks called thylakoids
-Thylakoids contain the pigment chlorophyll
-Intergranal lamellae are membranes that link the grana together
-The Stroma is fill with fluid + starch grains
-Contains 70s ribosomes and circular DNA (suggests they evolved from bacteria)
15
Q
Flagella and Cilia IV
A
- Nine microtubules arranged in a circle with two at the centre
- ATP causes movement of the microtubules
- NEED MITOCHONDIRA and CYTOSKELETON to function
- Sperm cells and ciliated epithelial cells use them
16
Q
Production of extracellular proteins VII
A
- DNA copied into mRNA (transcription)
- mRNA joins rough ER and ribosome for translation/protein
synthesis - Protein built in ribosome
- Put in transport vesicle and sent to Golgi body
- Golgi body modifies and packages (glycoprotein)
- Put into secretory vesicle which fuses with cell surface membrane
and is released by exocytosis - Golgi body makes lysosomes (contain lytic enzymes to digest
pathogens and worn out organelles)
17
Q
Eukaryotic Cells
A
20-100 um
has membrane bound organelles
nucleus with DNA inside
DNA is linear (wound up with histone proteins)
80s ribosomes
cell wall (cellulose plants) (chitin fungi) (non in animal)
18
Q
Prokaryotic Cells
A
0.5-5 um
has no membrane bound organelles
no nucleus
DNA is circular and naked (no histone)
70s ribosomes
cell wall (peptidoglycan)
