cell theory

Question 1

Prokaryote

Answer 1

Prokaryotes are primitive cells only found in bacteria. They lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They contain DNA and Ribosomes in the cytoplasm and have a cell membrane, cell wall and sometimes one or more flagella.

Question 2

Organelles

Answer 2

Membrane-bound structures are found within the cytoplasm of a cell.

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Stores genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.

Question 4

Nucleolus

Answer 4

Produces ribosomal RNA (rRNA) a subunit of ribosomes.

Question 5

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 5

Holds ribosomes that produce proteins. It
also stores and transports proteins within the cell.
Lipid.

Question 6

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 6

Functions in lipid manufacturing, detoxification and the production of steroid hormones (estrogen,
progesterone, and testosterone)
fatly acids.

Question 7

Eukaryotes

Answer 7

plants, animals, fungi, protozoa and algae. They contain a nucleus, cell membrane, ribosome and membrane-bound
organelles.

Question 8

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 8

functions as a factory in which proteins received from

the ER is further processed/modified and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations.

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

Is the site of cellular respiration, a process that produces the cell’s energy in the form of ATP.

Question 10

Chloroplasts

Answer 10

convert sunlight into food (organic compounds) for the cell (solar energy into chemical energy) through the process of photosynthesis.

Question 11

Vacuoles

Answer 11

store enzymes, nutrients, water, and waste in the cell (large).

Question 12

Vesicles

Answer 12

small sacs for the transport and storage of molecules.

Question 13

Lysosomes

Answer 13

are spherical vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break
down all kinds of biological molecules. They also act as the waste disposal system of
the cell by digesting unwanted materials in the cytoplasm, both from outside the cell
and obsolete components inside the cell. Material from the outside the cell are taken-
up through.

Question 14

Endocytosis

Answer 14

The process by which a cell takes material into the cell by folding in, or invagination of the cell membrane, which then pinches off to create a vesicle.

Question 15

phagocytosis

Answer 15

(cell eating= large cellular structures)

Question 16

pinocytosis

Answer 16

(cell drinking= small particles such as biological molecules).

Question 17

Exocytosis

Answer 17

a process by which the contents of a vacuole, or vesicle, are released
to the exterior through the fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.
The vacuole membrane is incorporated into the plasma membrane of the cell

Question 18

Cell Wall

Answer 18

A rigid, thick, dead layer that provides support, structure and protection to bacteria and plant cells. Its composition varies depending on the organisms.

Question 19

Cell Membrane

Answer 19

A thin, flexible layer, which regulates the movement of material into and out of the cell. It is living.

Question 20

Cytoplasm

Answer 20

is a gel-like substance composed primarily of water It contains dissolved gases and nutrients for chemical reactions and holds the organelles.

Question 21

Chromatin

Answer 21

contains DNA (genetic info)+ proteins. It is found in non-dividing cells. It is an uncoiled chromosome (very long and very thin).

Question 22

Chromosomes

Answer 22

condensed chromatin, short and thick (contains DNA). Found in dividing cells.

Question 23

Ribosomes

Answer 23

This is the site of protein synthesis (proteins are “built’ here). Proteins can be either structural (e g. muscle, hair), or functional (e.g enzymes). They are made of
ribosomal RNA and proteins. it is not a membrane-bound organelle.

Question 24

Cilia

Answer 24

Short hair-like, vibrating, structures, found in
large numbers on the surface of certain cells. Can cause currents in the surrounding fluid, or providing propulsion in some small organism.

Question 25

Flagella

Answer 25

Slender, hair-like structures that enable some microorganisms and sperm to swim.

Question 26

Centrioles

Answer 26

rod-like structures that help during cell division (mitosis) in most eukaryotic animal cells (not in plants)

Question 27

Cytoskeleton (microtubules/microfilaments)

Answer 27

protein fibres that make up the cell's skeleton: Provides structural support and moves organelles and substances throughout the cytoplasm. It also moves the cell membrane, cilia and flagella.

Question 28

Diffusion

Answer 28

The movement of atoms or molecules from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration.

Question 29

Osmosis

Answer 29

The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute to an area of high solute.