Cell Transport

Question 1

Exocytosis

Answer 1

when materials leave the cell by the membrane “spitting it out”

Question 2

Phagocytosis

Answer 2

the process of engulfing and ingestion of particles by the cell or a phagocyte

Question 3

Carrier Protein

Answer 3

carrier proteins are involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane

Question 4

Contractile Vacuole

Answer 4

a vacuole in some protozoans that expels excess liquid on contraction

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

diffusion of a solvent (usually water molecules) through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

Question 6

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 6

transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration by means of a carrier molecule. Since the substances move along the direction of their concentration gradients, energy is not required.

Question 7

Plasmolysis

Answer 7

shrinking of cytoplasm away from the cell wall of a plant or bacterium due to water loss from osmosis, thereby resulting in gaps between the cell wall and cell membrane

Question 8

Vesicle

Answer 8

a small sac containing liquid or gas

Question 9

Concentration Gradient

Answer 9

a gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution

Question 10

Equilibrium

Answer 10

the condition in which all acting influences are balanced or canceled by equal opposing forces, resulting in a stable system

Question 11

Turgor Pressure

Answer 11

the pressure exerted by water inside the cell against the cell wall

Question 12

Phagocyte

Answer 12

any of the cells specialized in engulfing and destroying foreign particles, as well as in removing waste particles and cell debris

Question 13

Endocytosis

Answer 13

the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole

Question 14

Ion Channel

Answer 14

a single protein or protein complex that traverses the lipid bilayer of cell membrane and form a channel to facilitate the movement of ions through the membrane according to their electrochemical gradient

Question 15

Cytolysis

Answer 15

bursting or rupturing of cell membrane when the cell can no longer contain the excessive inflow of water (or extracellular fluid)

Question 16

Isotonic

Answer 16

having equal tension

Question 17

Hypotonic

Answer 17

refers to any solution which has a lower osmotic pressure than another solution (has a lower concentration of solute a than other)

Question 18

Hypertonic

Answer 18

a solution that has higher osmotic pressure (or has more solutes) than another solution to which it is compared)

Question 19

Diffusion

Answer 19

the movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 20

Active Transport

Answer 20

movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into are going of higher concentration, requires energy

Question 21

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Answer 21

the process of moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane in an active transport process involving ATP

Question 22

Endocytosis

Answer 22

the transport of solid matter or liquid into a cell by means of a coated vacuole or vesicle

Question 23

Pinocytosis

Answer 23

the transport of fluid into a cell by means of local infolding said by the cell membrane so that tiny vesicles or sac forms around each droplet, which is then taken to the interior of the cytoplasm