Cell Transport Mechanisms

Question 1

What goes in the cell membrane

Answer 1

carbohydrates, sugars, proteins, amino acids, Lipids, salts, O2, H2O

Question 2

What goes out the cell membrane

Answer 2

ammonia, salts, CO2, H2O

Question 3

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane

Answer 3

cell transport

Question 4

a process by which an ion or molecule passes through a membrane along a concentration gradient, or from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It’s like moving from the train to the platform of a subway station or stepping out of a crowded room. Basically, it gives an ion or molecule “room to breathe.”
- no energy required

Answer 4

passive transport

Question 5

Why does passive transport have no energy required

Answer 5

because of its intrinsic/natural energy called thermal motion

Question 6

types of passive transport

Answer 6

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Question 7

type of passive transport wherein the movement of molecules through the membrane from a region of high concentration to a low concentration
- no transport protein used
- net diffusion/net flow - equilibrium
- At equilibrium, the movement of molecules does not stop. At equilibrium, there is an equal movement of materials in both directions. (it just stops going to the other area)

Answer 7

simple diffusion

Question 8

rule in diffusion

Answer 8

• In the absence of other forces, a substance will diffuse from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated.
• Any substance will diffuse down its concentration gradient. No work must be done to make it happen.

Question 9

The rate at which a molecule crosses a lipid bilayer
depends on its ______ & ________. (selective permeability)

Answer 9

size and polarity

Question 10

the transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of a transport molecule.

Answer 10

facilitated diffusion

Question 11

(true or false) each membrane in the cell has different proteins attached to it

Answer 11

true

Question 12

Diffusion of water/liquid through the cell membrane
- aquaporin - water channel protein

Answer 12

osmosis

Question 12

cell tonicity

Answer 12

hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic

Question 13

The concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell. (flacid in plant)

Answer 13

isotonic

Question 14

water enters a cell by osmosis, causing the cell
to swell (and burst).
- less solute outside (high water concentration), more solute inside (low water concentration)

(cytolysis), (turgid in plant - normal)

Answer 14

hypotonic

Question 15

water leaves a cell by osmosis, causing the cell to shrink.
- less solute inside (high water concentration), more solute outside (low water concentration)

(plasmolysis) (plasmolyzed plant cell)

Answer 15

hypertonic

Question 16

unlike passive transport, in this type of energy transport, the cell expends energy (for example, in the form of ATP) to move a substance against its concentration gradient. (low to high concentration gradient)

Answer 16

active transport

Question 17

types of transporters/carriers

Answer 17

• uniporters – move one molecule at a
  time
• symporters – move two molecules in
  the same direction
• antiporters – move two molecules in
  opposite directions

Question 18

which cell of the plant performs active transport

Answer 18

root hair cell

Question 19

types of active transport (bulk transport)

Answer 19

endocytosis - the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell.
exocytosis - describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell

Question 20

type of endocytosis that is the process of ingesting solid particles/engulfing food or substance into the cell

Answer 20

phagocytosis

Question 21

type of endocytosis

the uptake of extracellular fluids and dissolved solutes, such as fat droplets, vitamins, and antigens. can be thought of as cellular drinking. (liquid)

Answer 21

pinocytosis

Question 22

a form of endocytosis in which receptor proteins on the cell surface are used to capture a specific target molecule. (triggered by molecular signal) (has a specific shape)

Answer 22

receptor-mediated endocytosis