Cell transport quiz

Question 1

Why are cells so tiny?

Answer 1

• When the surface area is greater than volume, there is more plasma membrane relative to the inside of the cell.
• materials can be transported efficently

Question 2

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 2

2 layers of phospholipids

Question 3

Phospholipids

Answer 3

a lipid, containing a phosphate group in its molecule

Question 4

Cholesterol

Answer 4

Inserts itself into the phospholipid bilayer
Regulates the fluidity of the cell membrane

Question 5

GlycoPROTEIN

Answer 5

Cell-Cell Recognition-
They enable cells to recognize another cell as familiar or foreign, which is called cell-cell recognition.
Cell Adhesion-
They also help cells attach to and bind other cells

Question 6

GlycoLIPIDS (carbohydrates)

Answer 6

Help maintain stability in the cell

Question 7

Receptor proteins

Answer 7

Helps with communication between the cell and the extracellular environment by transmitting information into the cytoplasm.

Question 8

Enzymatic proteins

Answer 8

Proteins that carry out chemical reactions. They transform molecules into new substances, break large molecules down into smaller parts, or build larger molecules from smaller parts.

Question 9

Intercellular joining proteins

Answer 9

Intercellular junctions are specialized regions of contact between the plasma membranes of adjacent cells. They are essential to any multicellular organism, providing the structural means by which groups of cells can adhere and interact

Question 10

Attachment PROTEINS

Answer 10

PROTEINS that attach to the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton. They help SUPPORT the membrane and can coordinate external and internal changes

Question 11

Channel proteins

Answer 11

like a bead in the membrane, a channel that allows transport into or out of the cell of molecules that can fit through the channel. DOES NOT CHANGE SHAPE

Question 12

Carrier proteins

Answer 12

Helps move solutes across the membrane. CHANGES SHAPE

Question 13

Sodium Potassium Pump

Answer 13

Pumping Na+ (sodium ions) out and K+ (potassium ions) in against strong concentration gradients.

Question 14

Phosphate head

Answer 14

HydroPHILIC (loves/tolerates water)

Question 15

Fatty acid (lipid) tail

Answer 15

HydroPHOBIC (hates water)

Question 16

Phagocytosis

Answer 16

Used to engulf large particles such as food, bacteria, etc. into vesicles (cell eating)

Question 17

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 17

Some integral proteins have receptors on their surface to recognize & take in hormones, cholesterol, etc.

Question 18

Pinocytosis

Answer 18

Most common form of endocytosis. Takes in dissolved molecules as a vesicle.

Question 19

Endocytosis

Answer 19

Large molecules move materials into the cell using one of three forms of ENDOCYTOSIS

Question 20

Exocytosis

Answer 20

The opposite of endocytosis. Large molecules that are manufactured in the cell are released throug the cell membrane

Question 21

Isotonic

Answer 21

No net movement, the cell is at equilibrium

Question 22

Hypertonic

Answer 22

The water movement is from the INSIDE to the OUTSIDE of the cell

Question 23

Hypotonic

Answer 23

Movement of water is from the outside of the cell to the inside of the cell

Question 24

Plasmolysis

Answer 24

Hypertonic Solution (Shrinks)

Question 25

CytOlysis

Answer 25

HypOtonic Solution

Question 26

Passive vs. active transport

Answer 26

Passive: Does NOT require energy
Active: DOES REQUIRE energy

Question 27

Simple diffusion

Answer 27

Requires NO energy
Molecules move from area of HIGH to LOW concentration

Question 28

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 28

Molecules will naturally move through the pores in Channel Proteins. Some Carrier proteins do not extend through the membrane. They bond and drag molecules through the lipid bilayer, releasing them on the opposite side.

Question 29

Osmosis

Answer 29

Diffusion of water across a membrane
Moves from HIGH water potential (low solute) to LOW water potential (high solute)

Question 30

Concentration GRADient

Answer 30

GRADual difference in the concentration of a dissolved substance

Question 31

Water potential (high and low)

Answer 31

HIGH water potentional: LOW solute
LOW water potential: HIGH solute

Question 32

What are aquaporins?

Answer 32

Water channels/ protein pores used during OSMOSIS

Question 33

What is homeostasis and how is cell transport related to this process?

Answer 33

Balanced internal condition of cells (Equilibrium). This is maintained by the plasma mebrane

Question 34

Why is the cell membrane selectively permeable?

Answer 34

The polar heads and nonpolar tails makes the membrane selective

Question 35

Cell membrane

Answer 35

Is flexible and allows a UNICELLULAR organism to move

Question 36

IMPORTANT NOTES:

Answer 36

Look at the diagrams in Mrs. Agins slides. You got this, keep going!