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Biology Module 3 > Cell Types > Flashcards

Cell Types Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

what are the three domains?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

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2
Q

Of the three domains what two are prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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3
Q

What are examples of Eukaryotes?

A

Fungi, animals, plants

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4
Q

What are the three major layers of Prokaryotic cells

A

Capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane

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5
Q

What are the two types of prokaryotic surface projections?

A

pili and flagella

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6
Q

Prokaryotic cells: what is the capsule

A

outermost portion of the cell

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7
Q

Prokaryotic cells: what is the cell wall

A

made of peptidoglycan and protects the cell and helps maintain its shape

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8
Q

Prokaryotic cells: what is the plasma membrane?

A

fluidity and molecule transport

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9
Q

Prokaryotic cells: in bacteria what is the nucleoid

A

DNA of prokaryotic cells coiled into a region

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10
Q

True or False: Prokaryotic Cells no not have true organelles

A

true

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11
Q

What does a Eukaryotic cell contain

A

cytoplasm nucleus and organelles

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12
Q

Eukaryotic Cells: what is cytoplasm?

A

region between nucleus and plasma membrane

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13
Q

What are the 4 basic functions of all Eukaryotic cells?

A

1 - Genetic Control
2 - Manufacture, distribution, breakdown of molecules
3 - Energy processing
4 - structural support, movement, communication

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14
Q

how are Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells similar

A

plasma membrane
cytosol interior
1+ chromosomes
ribosomes

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14
Q

What are the two types of Eukaryotic cells

A

Animal cells and plant cells

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14
Q

What organelles are unique to animal cells?

A

lysosomes and centrioles

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15
Q

What organelles are unique to plant cells?

A

rigid cell wall, chloroplasts. central vacuole

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15
Q

What are Mitochondria

A

organelles that carry out cellular respiration in nearly all eukaryotic cells

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16
Q

What does cellular respiration do

A

converts food into ATP

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17
Q

What is chloroplast?

A

photosynthesizing organelles

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18
Q

What is the purpose of chloroplast

A

converts light energy into chemical energy of sugar molecules

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19
Q

where are membrane proteins

A

attached to membrane surface

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20
Q

True or False: Only Eukaryotes have nucleus

A

true

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21
Q

What does the nucleus contain

Study These Flashcards
A

most of the cells DNA

22
what does the nucleus control
cells activities via directing protein synthesis by making mRNA
23
what are chromosomes called when cell is not dividing
chromatin
24
where is the nuclear envelope?
surrounds outermost portion of nucleus
25
What do the pores of the nuclear envelope do?
regulate movement of molecules within cell connect with endoplasmic reticulum
26
What is a nucleolus
structure in nucleus that is site of ribosomal synthesis
27
What are ribosomes?
involved in protein synthesis
28
Protein concentration directly correlates to ___
ribosome concentration
29
What are the two types of ribosomes?
free ribosomes and bound ribosomes
30
what are free ribosomes
float in cytoplasm and make proteins that function in cytoplasm
31
what are bound ribosomes
attached to endoplasmic reticulum associated with proteins packed in certain organelles or exported from the cell
32
What is the endomembrane system
membranes within eukaryotic cell and connects organelles
33
What does the Ebdomembrane system include?
Nuclear envelioe ER rough + smooth Golgi apparatus Lysosomes vacuoles plasma membrane
34
What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER and Rough ER
35
What is the function for Smooth ER
produces enzymes for synthesis, contains enzymes to process harmful substances, stores some calcium ions
36
what is the function of Rough ER
Makes additional membrane for itself makes proteins destined for secretions
37
What does the Golgi Apparatus contain?
stacks o' sacs
38
What is the function of the goli apparatus
receives proteins and lipids from rough ER -> modifies some -> sorts -> concentrates + packs into vesicles
39
What does the Golgi Apparatus produce
transport vesicles
40
What is a Lysosome
Membrane sac containing digestive enzymes
41
How are Lysosomes made?
by rough ER processed in the Golgi apparatus
42
what is the function of Lysosomes
fuse food vacuoles and digest food destroy bacteria engulfed by white blood cells fuse with other vesicles
43
What are Vacuoles
large vesicles w/ variety of functions
44
What do vacuoles do in plants?
stores water digestive functions contain pigments contain poisons to protect plant
45
What are Peroxisomes
Metabolic compartments that do not originate from the endomembrane system
46
What do some Peroxisomes do?
break down fatty acids for cellular fuel convert toxic substances into water
47
What are the two internal parts of the Mitochondria
intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix
48
What is the function of chloroplasts
photosynthesizing organelles of all photoautotrophic eukaryoyes
49
In Chloroplasts what are in the inner membrane
Stroma, thylakoids, granum
50
What is the cytoskeleton
network of protein fibers
51
What are the three types of cytoskeleton
Microtubule, intermediate filament, microfilament
52
What are the two things important for locomotion
flagella - long cilia - short
53
What is the extracellular matrix
something animal cells synthesize and secrete
54
What are the functions of Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
hold cells together in tissues protects and supports the plasma membrane
55
What is Plasmodesmata (plants)?
junctions that allow plants tissues to share

Biology Module 3 (4 decks)

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