Cell Ultrastructure Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the most common stain and what colour?
H&E, stains cell nuclei blue and cytoplasm pink (Extracellular also pink)
What are the 4 other stains used?
1) PAS: Sugars (Magenta) 2) Van Gieson: Elastic (brown) 3) Alciun Blue: Mucin 4) Trichrome (3 types)
Why do size of cells vary?
Different functions: Small cells need to move body to complete function e.g. large nuc by little cyt
What are 4 shapes of cells type
1) Round (BC) 2)Polygonal (irreg)
3) Fusiform (Smooth musc) 4)Squamous: Thin plate
What are cell types that involve height and width?
1) Cuboidal: As tall as wide
2) Columnar: Taller than wide
Function of Nucleus:
Bonus: Nucleolus
Brain of cell, Double NM, Houses DNA
Nucleolus: Site of Ribosomal RNA formation
2 types of chromatin difference
1) Euchromatin: Lighter
2) Heterochromatin: Darker
How do activity of cells vary?
Smaller cells are dormant and metabolically inactive as less mitochondria and ER, and less nucleoli
Which cells have whole life span (3)?
Nerves/brain, Cardiac Muscle, Germ cells
Function of Mitochondria?
What is unique about DNA?
Site of Ox Phosph, (Own DNA), Double membrane
Function of Mitochondrial Regions?
Out: Lip Synth FA Met Inn: Resp chain, ATP prod
Matrix: Krebs IMS: Nucleotide Phosph (ADP to ATP)
Functions of each ER
1) Rough: Protein Synthesis
2) Smooth: Membrane Lipid Synthesis and proc synth prot
Golgi Function?
Parallel stacks of membrane, process macromolecules
Vesicles function?
Small spherical membrane bound org to transp, store and exchange cell membrane between compartments
Lysosome function?
(Derived from Golgi) Acid hydrolases to degrade proteins
3 types of filaments/tubules in Cytoskeleton?
1) Microfil: 5nm diameter (actin)
2) Intermedfil: 10nm d, 6 proteins, spread tens force through tissue
3) MicroTub: 25nm diameter, tub proteins, ALL cells except erythrocytes
3 types of Storage products
1) Lipofuscin
2) Lipid: Non membrane bound vac
3) Glycogen (CHO Polymer in cytoplasm)
3 components of tissues?
1) Cells
2) Interstitial Fluid
3) Extracellular material
What happens to nucleus if a cell dies?
The nucleus will be broken down and resorbed
What does an enlarged nuclei of a cell represent?
Cell becoming more metabolically active (nucleolus synth protein) and better differentiated.
How can you tell if a cell is metabolically active or inactive?
If cell is metabolically active, will be able to see a greater degree of cell infrastructure,
