Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards

(33 cards)

1
Q

Which form of penicillin is IV

A

Penicillin G

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2
Q

Which form of penicillin is oral

A

Penicillin V

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of penicillin

A

Bind penicillin binding proteins (transpeptidases)

Block transpeptidase cross linking of peptidoglycan

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4
Q

What is penicillin used for

A

Mostly used for gram + organisms

Also used for neisseria meningitidis, treponema pallidum, and syphilis

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5
Q

Is penicillin penicillinase resistant

A

No

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6
Q

What are some toxicities to penicillin

A

Hypersensitivity reactions

Hemolytic anemia

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7
Q

What is the resistance to penicillin

A

B-lactamases cleave B-lactam ring

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8
Q

Why are oxacillin, nafcillin, and dicloxacillin penicillinase resistant

A

Bulky R groups that block access of B-lactamases to B-lactam ring

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9
Q

What are oxacillin, nafcillin, and dicloxacillin used for

A

S. aureus

“Use NAF for STAPH”

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10
Q

What is in the R group of ampicillin and amoxicillin

A

Amino group

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11
Q

What are ampicillin and amoxicillin used for

A
Extended spectrum (more gram - coverage)
Haemophilus
E. coli
Listeria
Proteus
Salmonella
Shigella
Enterococci
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12
Q

What are ticarcillin and piperacillin used for

A

Pseudomonas and gram (-) rods

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of cephalosporins

A

B-lactam drug that inhibit cell wall synthesis

Less susceptible to penicillinases

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14
Q

What organisms are not covered by cephalosporins

A

Listeria, Atypicals (chlamydia, mycoplasma), MRSA, and Enterococci

“LAME”

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15
Q

What cephalosporin generation are cefazolin and cephalexin

A

1st generation

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16
Q

What are 1st generation cephalosporins used for

A

Gram positive cocci
Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae

“PEcK”

17
Q

What cephalosporin generation are cefoxitin, cefaclor, and cefuroxime

A

2nd generation

18
Q

What are 2nd generation cephalosporins used for

A

Gram positive cocci
Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter, Neisseria spp
Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens

“HEN PEcKS”

19
Q

What cephalosporin generation are ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime

A

3rd generation

20
Q

What are 3rd generation cephalosporins used for

A
Serious gram (-) infection resistant to other B-lactams
Crosses BBB (meningitis)
21
Q

What cephalosporin generation is cefepime

A

4th generation

22
Q

What are 4th generation cephalosporins used for

A

Increased activity against Pseudomonas and gram (+) organisms

23
Q

What is the mechanism of aztreonam

A

Prevents peptidoglycan cross linking by bindind to PBP3

Resistant to B-lactamases

24
Q

What is aztreonam used for

A

Gram - rods only

25
What is special about carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem)
Highly resistant to B-lactamases
26
What is imipenem administered with and why
Cilastatin (inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase I) | Decreases inactivation of drug in renal tubules
27
What is an advantage of meropenem to imipenem
Reduced risk of seizures and stable to dehydropeptidase I
28
What are carbapenems used for
Gram positive cocci, gram negative rods, anaerobes
29
What are some toxicities to carbapenems
GI distress Skin rash CNS toxicity
30
What is the mechanism of vancomycin
Inhibits cell wall peptidoglycan formation by binding D-ala D-ala
31
What is vancomycin used for
Gram positives only Serious multidrug resistant organisms MRSA, C. difficile, enterococci
32
What are some toxicities to vancomycin
Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Thrombophlebitis, red man syndrome "NOT the RED VAN"
33
What is the mechanism of resistance to vancomycin
Amino acid change of D-ala D-ala to D-ala D-lac