Cell Wats

Question 1

Why is the lid taped on?

Answer 1

To stop the lid from falling and to stop bacteria from leaving.

Question 2

What does each slodge show on a petridish?

Answer 2

Each slodge shows a colony of bacteria. The larger the colony, the more bacteria there is in it.

Question 3

What do the green dots show?

Answer 3

The number of deaths that occurred from cholera at the specified buildings

Question 4

What do the black line show?

Answer 4

The number of deaths from cholera

Question 5

What do round the numbers to ?

Answer 5

3 significant figures

Question 6

What happened in hospitals in the 19 th century?

Answer 6

Childbed fever affected many women who gave birth in the n hygienic conditions found in the 19 th century in hospitals

Question 7

What did Semmelweis?

Answer 7

Semmelweis introduced a regime of hand-washing , using a disinfectant chlorinated lime solution

Question 8

What is the slogan for coughs and sneezes?

Answer 8

Catch it , bin it , kill it

Question 9

Where is the bacteria on our hands?

Answer 9

Wrist,around nails, creases in hands and fingers, knuckles , bits between fingers

Question 10

Why does bacteria stay in some areas rather than other?

Answer 10

They are harder to wash

Question 11

How does the skin act as a barrier?

Answer 11

It prevents pathogens from entering

Question 12

How does stomach acid act as a barrier?

Answer 12

It’s acid kills pathogens

Question 13

What happens if pathogens get into the body?

Answer 13

White blood cells that make up the immune system work to kill them

Question 14

How does cancer occur?

Answer 14

In or all cells, both making new cells and the death of old cells are carefully controlled so that the correct number of cells is present . Cancer happens when changes (mutations) happen in DNA of the cell. these cells don’t respond to messages to stop producing new cells, so just one mutated cells goes on to produce many , many more until a tumour is formed. Your immune system is usually good at finding these mutated cells and killing them before the tumour grows but it doesn’t always find them all

Question 15

What is a harmless tumour called?

Answer 15

A benign tumour

Question 16

What is a harmful tumour called?

Answer 16

A malignant tumour

Question 17

Do a benign tumour remain with part of the body in which they are made or spread to other parts of the body?

Answer 17

Remains

Question 18

Do a malignant tumour remain with part of the body in which they are made or spread to other parts of the body?

Answer 18

Spreads

Question 19

Does a benign tumour grow quickly?

Answer 19

No it grows slowly

Question 20

Which tumour grows quickly ?

Answer 20

A malignant tumour

Question 21

Do benign tumours look like normal cells?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Do malignant tumours look like normal cells?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

Are benign tumours life threatening?

Answer 23

Not normally, but they can disrupt the functioning of other cells

Question 24

Are malignant tumours life threatening?

Answer 24

Sometimes they can be, as tumour grows into other organs and tissue

Question 25

What results in changes in DNA (mutations)?

Answer 25

Chemicals and other risk factors can cause mutations that results in the cell dividing uncontrollably .

Question 26

What does carcinogens mean?

Answer 26

Cancer causing

Question 27

Why do cancerous cells divide?

Answer 27

They don't respond to signals from other cells so they continue to divide

Question 28

Can cancerous cells be removed by the immune system. .

Answer 28

No they can't . They absorb nutrients for their growth and division

Question 29

What happens after the cells absorb nutrients for growth and division?

Answer 29

The tumour gets bigger and the cells start to look different from normal cells.

Question 30

What happens after the malignant gets bigger?

Answer 30

The tumour is supplied with blood vessels. Tumour cells spread in the blood to other parts of the body

Question 31

What is metastasis?

Answer 31

Cancer cells invade other tissues. these cells grow into other parts of the body, squashing them and stopping them from working properly

Question 32

T/F If you don't inhale smoking tobacco can't cause cancer

Answer 32

F

Question 33

T/F There are no treatments for cancer

Answer 33

F

Question 34

1/3 people will be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime (T/F)

Answer 34

F

Question 35

Cancer is more common in old people than young(T/F)

Answer 35

t

Question 36

How many types of cancer are there?

Answer 36

It is in all cells of the body except for the nails and hair

Question 37

Is leukaemia a type of cance

Answer 37

Yes

Question 38

What is a risk factor

Answer 38

A circumstance that increases the chance of something else (e.g.skin cancer) happening

Question 39

What are some risk factors of cancer

Answer 39

Genes inherited from parents (Family history) , age (older =higher risk), viruses can cause (e.g.cervical cancer),exposure to e.g. Abestos increases the risk,chemical and damaging radiation increase your risk

Question 40

What are the two types of skin cancer called?

Answer 40

Non melanoma and melanoma

Question 41

What is melanoma skin cancer?

Answer 41

A malignant tumour that usually starts in moles or in areas of normal looking skin

Question 42

What happens if melanoma cancer isn't treated ?

Answer 42

The cancer cells break away from the rapidly growing tumour and spread around the body

Question 43

What is non melanoma cancer?

Answer 43

It is a slow growing malignant tumour. It rarely spreads to other parts of the body and is the most common cancer in the uk and is also the most successfully treated cancer

Question 44

What are the risk factor for skin cancer?

Answer 44

Increased exposure, increased risk for legs on women, increased risk for trunk and head for men, older people have increased risk, lighter your skin, greater chance of getting skin cancer, the weaker your immune system, the greater the chance of getting it

Question 45

Wy shouldn't we cover up, not allowing our skin being exposed to the sun?

Answer 45

Because if our skin is covered we can use sunlight to make vitamin d to transport calcium to bones to strengthen them. e may suffer from rickets

Question 46

Where is the liver?

Answer 46

Above your belly button on the right side of your body

Question 47

Which body system is the liver a part of ?

Answer 47

The digestive sytem

Question 48

What does the liver do with the food that we eat , digest and have absorbed into the blood?

Answer 48

It stores...... What it doesn't need. It makes proteins glucose and bile. It cleans out bacteria drugs and alcohol from the blood

Question 49

The liver can regenerate - what does this mean?

Answer 49

Making more of itself

Question 50

Around half of liver disease is caused by?

Answer 50

Alcohol induce

Question 51

Daily safe limits for men?

Answer 51

3-4 unites of alcohol

Question 52

Daily safe for women?

Answer 52

2-3 of alcohol

Question 53

Can hepatitis cause liver damage?

Answer 53

Yes

Question 54

What is the main cause of cirrhosis in the uk

Answer 54

Obesity

Question 55

What do bacteria release?

Answer 55

Toxins that damage body cells

Question 56

What do viruses do?

Answer 56

They inject their DNA into your cells which results in the cell being killed

Question 57

What are pathogens ?

Answer 57

Microorganism a that cause disease

Question 58

What happens if pathogens enter the body?

Answer 58

If pathogens enter the body either through a wound or in food they cause damage e.g, by real easing toxins

Question 59

What does one type of blood cells do?

Answer 59

It moves towards the pathogen and engulf and digest them

Question 60

What does the first white blood cell process look like

Answer 60

PAC man