Cells

Question 1

What are the two types of cells?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic + Eukaryotic

Question 2

What does purpose does the cell membrane serve?

Answer 2

Separates the inside of the cell from the outside

Question 3

What does purpose does the cytoplasm serve?

Answer 3

Consists of cytogel and the organelles in eukaryotic cells

Question 4

What purpose does DNA serve?

Answer 4

Carries hereditary information, directs cell activities and is passed on from one generation to another

Question 5

What purpose do ribosomes serve?

Answer 5

Synthesizes proteins

Question 6

What is the total magnification of a microscopic lens, if its on x4 and the default lens if x10

Answer 6

x40

Question 7

What is the formula to find the object size of a material under a microscope?

Answer 7

Object size = DFOV (in um)/ number of times object fits across field of view.

Question 8

How to calculate DFOV (Diameter field of view) of a microscope?

Answer 8

DFOV = DFOV#1 * magnification#1 / magnification#2

Question 9

What are some of the elements of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 9

Small, Large SA:V ratio, Lack membrane-bound organelles, Scattered ribosomes, DNA is singular and circular (Called a genophore)

Question 10

What are some of the elements of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 10

Large and more complex, Membrane bound nucleus and organelles.

Question 11

Where are cell walls found?

Answer 11

Plant and bacterial cells

Question 12

What purpose does the nucleus serve?

Answer 12

Contains the DNA of the cell (Control centre of the cell)

Question 13

What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 13

Smooth ER, Rough ER

Question 14

What purpose does the Smooth ER serve?

Answer 14

Makes phospholipids, and packages protein into vesicles. (Doesn’t contain ribosomes)

Question 15

What purpose does the Rough ER serve?

Answer 15

It is where proteins are made and processed (Contains ribosomes)

Question 16

What purpose does ribosomes serve?

Answer 16

They are found on the rough ER and make proteins

Question 17

What purpose does the golgi apparatus serve?

Answer 17

Store’s, modifies and packages proteins.

Question 18

What purpose does the vacuoles serve?

Answer 18

Storage container for water, food, enzymes, waste, pigments etc.

Question 19

Where is the large central vacuole?

Answer 19

In plant cells

Question 20

Where are many smaller vacuoles found?

Answer 20

In animal cells

Question 21

What purpose do mitochondria serve?

Answer 21

Cellular respiration occurs here (Releases energy from food molecules), (Creates ATP, a molecule that acts as a battery)

Question 22

What purpose does the chloroplast serve?

Answer 22

Site of glucose production (Through photosynthesis)

Question 23

What purpose does the cytoskeleton serve?

Answer 23

A network of microfilaments and microtubules that extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane, to give the cell its shape.

Question 24

What purpose do centrioles serve?

Answer 24

Aid in cell division (Only found in animal cells)

Question 25

What purpose do lysosomes serve?

Answer 25

Contains digestive enzymes that break down waste (Garbage disposal)

Question 26

What is the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 26

It is the basic structure of the cell membrane (It consists of a water-philic head and watre-phobic tail.

Question 27

What purpose does cholesterol serve in the cell membrane?

Answer 27

Stabilises the membrane, reduces permeability and buffer against changing temperatures

Question 28

What are the three types of proteins involved in the cell membrane?

Answer 28

Integral proteins, peripheral proteins, transmembrane proteins

Question 29

What purpose do integral proteins serve in the cell membrane?

Answer 29

Transport molecules through membrane, Involved in signal transduction, cell to cell recognition, connect cells to one another

Question 30

What purpose do peripheral proteins serve in the cell membrane?

Answer 30

Bing to integral proteins, act as attachments to the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix - helps with support

Question 31

What purpose do transmembrane proteins serve in the cell membrane?

Answer 31

Integral proteins that span both phospholipid bilayers

Question 32

What purpose do carbohydrates serve in the cell membrane?

Answer 32

Recognize anti-bodies, hormones and viruses, aid in cell adhesion (Forming tissue)

Question 33

What are the 3 transport process that can occur in a cell?

Answer 33

Passive transport, active transport, facilitated diffusion

Question 34

What is passive transport?

Answer 34

Substances move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration (No energy required)

Question 35

What is active transport?

Answer 35

Substances move from areas of low concentrations to areas of high concentrations (Energy required)

Question 36

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 36

Substances move from areas of

Question 37

What are the 3 Osmotic imbalances?

Answer 37

Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic

Question 38

What is an isotonic imbalance?

Answer 38

When the cells have the same concentration of solutes and water flow is balanced between the cell and surroundings

Question 39

What is a hypotonic imbalance?

Answer 39

Surrounding solution has a lower solute concentration than the inside of the cell and surroundings

Question 40

What is hypertonic imbalance?

Answer 40

A surrounding solution that has a greater concentration of solutes than the cells cytoplasm. Cells will lose water a surrounding solution.