Cells Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is active immunity?
A form of immunity provided by the immune response of the body upon
detection of a pathogen
What is active transport?
The active movement of substances from a low concentration to a higher concentration (up their concentration gradient) with the use of energy in the form of ATP
What is agglutination?
The clumping together of cells or particles caused by antibodies which assists phagocytosis
What is an antibody?
A protein found in the blood that is produced by plasma cells which binds to antigens as a part of the immune response
What is an antigen?
Marker molecules that can be detected by antibodies and trigger an immune response
What is binary fission?
The method of cell division used by prokaryotes involving replication of the circular DNA and plasmids followed by cytoplasmic division
What is the cell cycle?
The series of stages preparing the cell for division consisting of interphase and mitosis
What is the cell-surface membrane?
A phospholipid bilayer studded with proteins that surrounds cells and separates them from their environment
What is the cell vacuole?
A membrane bound structure found in plant cells that contains cell sap
What is the cell wall?
A permeable layer that surrounds plant, algae and fungi cells made of
polysaccharides which provides strength to the cell
What is the chloroplast?
An organelle found in plants and algae that is the site of photosynthesis
What is clonal expansion?
The production of many genetically identical daughter cells through cell division of the activated B or T lymphocyte after clonal selection
What is clonal selection?
The process of matching the antigens on an antigen presenting cells with the antigen receptors on B and T lymphocytes
What is co-transport?
A method of membrane transport where two substances are both transported across a membrane at the same time either in the same direction or opposite directions
What is cytokinesis?
Division of the cytoplasm to produce two new cells
What is facilitated diffusion?
he passive movement of substances from a high concentration to a lower concentration (down their concentration gradient) through transport proteins without the use of energy
What is flagella?
A whip-like structure found on bacterial cells that is used for cell movement
What is fluid-mosaic model?
A model that describes membrane structure as a sea of mobile
phospholipids studded with various proteins
What is golgi apparatus?
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins
What is a helper T cell?
A type of T cell in the immune system that stimulates cytotoxic T cells, B cells and phagocytes
What is herd immunity?
A type of disease immunity that occurs when a large proportion of a population are vaccinated against a disease which prevents the spread of the disease to unvaccinated individuals
What is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)?
A virus that attacks T cells in the immune system and can lead to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
What are lysosomes?
Membrane-bound vesicles found in the cytoplasm that contain a hydrolytic enzyme called lysozyme
What is magnification?
How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object calculated using the following formula:
image size = actual size x magnification
