Cells Flashcards
Outer layer of the cell, composed mainly of lipids
and proteins. It encloses the cell contents; regulates
what enters and leaves the cell;
participates in many activities,
such as growth, reproduction, and
interactions between cells
Plasma membrane
short extensions of the cell membrane. absorb materials into the cell
Microvili
Large, dark-staining organelle near the center of
the cell, composed of DNA and proteins.
It contains the chromosomes, the
hereditary units that direct all cellular
activities
Nucleus
Small body in the nucleus; composed of RNA,
DNA, and protein. It makes ribosomes
Nucleolus
colloidal suspension that fills the cell from the
nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane.
It site of many cellular activities. Consists of cytosol and organelles
Cytoplasm
The fluid portion of the cytoplasm. It surrounds the organelles
cytosol
network of membranes within the cytoplasm.
Rough __ has ribosomes attached to it; smooth
__ does not.
rough __ sorts proteins and forms
them into more complex compounds.
Smooth __ is involved with lipid
synthesis.
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
small bodies free in the cytoplasm or attached to
the ER, composed of RNA and protein.
It manufacture proteins
ribosomes
large organelles with folded membranes inside. convert energy from nutrients
into ATP
mitochondria
layers of membranes. makes compounds containing
proteins, sorts and prepares these
compounds for transport to other
parts of the cell or out of the cell
Golgi apparatus
small sacs of digestive enzymes. digest substances within the cell
lysosomes
membrane-enclosed organelles containing
enzymes. break down harmful substances
peroxisomes
small membrane-bound sacs in the cytoplasm. store materials and move materials
into or out of the cell in bulk
vesicles
rod-shaped bodies (usually two) near the
nucleus. help separate the chromosomes
during cell division
centrioles
structures that extend from the cell. move the cell or the fluids around
the cell
surface projections
