Cells

Question 1

What are the 7 life processes?

Answer 1

Mrs Gren- Movement, Respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition

Question 2

What is a non living organism?

Answer 2

An organism that doesn’t exhibit the 7 life processes

Question 3

The 2 types of cells?

Answer 3

Prokaryote & Eukaryote

Question 4

What is the prokaryote cell size?

Answer 4

1-10 microns

Question 5

What is the eukaryote cell size?

Answer 5

10-100 microns

Question 6

The evolution of eukaryotes?

Answer 6

Via a process called endosymbiosis

Question 7

What are 3 things cells require?

Answer 7

• Inputs of energy
• Inputs of useful substances
• Removal of wastes

Question 8

The 2 types of eukaryotic cell?

Answer 8

Plants & animal

Question 9

The basic structure of eukaryote?

Answer 9

• Nucleus
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm with organelles

Question 10

What is an organelle?

Answer 10

Cells version of an organ

Question 11

What is cell membrane?

Answer 11

Controls what goes in and out of cell

Question 12

What is the nucleus?

Answer 12

Stores genetic information and controls function of cell

Question 13

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 13

They are inside cell membrane, they contain organelles

Question 14

What are chromosomes?

Answer 14

They are made of DNA

Question 15

What is DNA?

Answer 15

It makes important molecules for cellular function

Question 16

What is Endoplasmic reticulum? (ER)

Answer 16

They synthesise, fold & package proteins and lipids for transport

Question 17

What are Ribosomes?

Answer 17

They synthesis proteins

Question 18

What is Mitochondria?

Answer 18

Produces energy through chemical reactions (breaking down fats and carbohydrates)

Question 19

What are Golgi bodies?

Answer 19

They send proteins into vacuole for transport to cell membrane

Question 20

What is centrosome?

Answer 20

It produces spindle fibre

Question 21

What are vacuoles?

Answer 21

Membrane- bound sacs for storage, digestion and waste removal

Question 22

What is the cell wall?

Answer 22

It provides strength, protection & structure

Question 23

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 23

They give plants colour and ability to absorb light

Question 24

The basic structure of prokaryote?

Answer 24

• Cell wall
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Ribosome

Question 25

What is capsule?

Answer 25

Sticky material, covers cell wall.

Question 26

What is pilus?

Answer 26

Hair-like structure on cell wall

Question 27

What is flagellum?

Answer 27

Filaments attached to cell wall (allows cell to move)

Question 28

What are plasmids?

Answer 28

Small loops of DNA in cytoplasm

Question 29

What is prokaryotic cell division called?

Answer 29

Binary Fission

Question 30

What is eukaryotic cell division called?

Answer 30

Mitosis

Question 31

What happens in Prophase?

Answer 31

Nuclear envelope starts to dissolve, chromosome pairs form

Question 32

What happens in Metaphase?

Answer 32

Nuclear envelope disappears, microtubules attach to centromere, chromosomes align across equator

Question 33

What happens in Anaphase?

Answer 33

Centromere and chromatids split , chromosomes are drawn to poles

Question 34

What happens in Telophase?

Answer 34

Spindle fibres disappear, cytokinesis begins

Question 35

What happens in Cytokinesis?

Answer 35

Cleavage furrow forms, 2 daughter cells complete

Question 36

What is metabolism?

Answer 36

Chemical reactions happening inside something

Question 37

What is ATP?

Answer 37

The main molecule used to store and transfer energy

Question 38

What is the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 38

C02 + H20 ----> C6H1206 + 02 | Carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen

Question 39

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 39

The process where organisms use light energy to make sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water

Question 40

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 40

Site of photosynthesis

Question 41

What is pigment chlorophyll?

Answer 41

Absorbs light energy, coverts into chemical energy (glucose)

Question 42

What is the cellular respiration equation?

Answer 42

C6H1206 + 02 ---> C02+ H20 + Energy

Question 43

What is Anaerobic Respiration?

Answer 43

Oxygen is not present, occurs in cytoplasm, incomplete breakdown of glucose

Question 44

What is Aerobic respiration?

Answer 44

Oxygen is present

Question 45

What is Phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 45

Hydrophobic tails will face inside of bilayer

Question 46

What is Cholesterol?

Answer 46

Lipids found in membrane

Question 47

What are Glycolipids?

Answer 47

(Protein) formed when carbohydrate combines with a lipid

Question 48

What are Proteins?

Answer 48

Nearly 100 different proteins throughout the lipid bilayer

Question 49

What are Aquaporins?

Answer 49

Membrane proteins that acts as water channels

Question 50

What are Small hydrophobic molecules?

Answer 50

They can easily move across a membrane

Question 51

What are large hydrophilic molecules?

Answer 51

Lipid bilayer is impermeable to larger hydrophilic molecules

Question 52

What are Ions?

Answer 52

They are atoms or molecules with a permanent charge

Question 53

What is passive transport?

Answer 53

The movement of molecules into and out of cell, doesn't require energy

Question 54

What is diffusion?

Answer 54

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 55

What is Osmosis?

Answer 55

The movement of water molecules through a membrane

Question 56

What are 3 ways to speed up Osmosis?

Answer 56

- Increase of temperature - Increase of water concentration - Increase of surface area

Question 57

What is active transport?

Answer 57

Movement of substances from a low concentration to high concentration

Question 58

SA:V stands for?

Answer 58

Surface area to volume ratio

Question 59

What is Endocytosis?

Answer 59

The movement of substances into cell

Question 60

What is Exocytosis?

Answer 60

The movement of substances out of cell

Question 61

Bulk transport?

Answer 61

Bulk transport of substances across the membrane is by: Endocytosis & Exocytosis