Cells

Question 1

What does smooth endoplasmic reticulum make

Answer 1

lipids

Question 2

golgi complex structure

Answer 2

flattened membrane bound vesicles called cisternae

Question 3

three types of endocytosis

Answer 3

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 4

job of golgi complex

Answer 4

process raw proteins, package, directed to somewhere in body by using docking marker (marker protein)

Question 5

explain pinocytosis

Answer 5

cell take in fluid that contains dissolved nutrients

Question 6

difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Answer 6

phagocytosis - solid
pinocytosis- take in liquid

Question 7

Cytoskeleton page

Answer 7

….

Question 8

Cells that can move on their own

Answer 8

Sperm
WBC
Fibroblasts
Skin cells

Question 9

What kind of physio do people with motor neurone disease need

Answer 9

Early- musculoskeletal
Late- respiratory

Question 10

Other word for cytoplasm

Answer 10

Cytosol

Question 11

Role of cytosol

Answer 11

Enzyme regulation
Protein synthesis at ribosome
Storage (glucose stored as glycogen)
Secretory vesicles

Question 12

Define apoptosis

Answer 12

Programmed cell death

Question 13

How apoptosis works

Answer 13

Mitochondria become leaky, cytochrome c come out into cutosol, activate caspases, protein cutting enzymes
Natural, prevent cancer or damages cells

Question 14

What is necrosis

Answer 14

Uncontrolled, accidental killing of healthy cells
Can’t move na out, H2O goes in, burst
Happens often after lack of o2, heart attack

Question 15

Does apoptosis or necrosis use energy

Answer 15

Apoptosis

Question 16

Does apoptosis or necrosis have an inflammatory response

Answer 16

Necrosis

Question 17

What happens from too much apoptosis

Answer 17

Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
Stroke

Question 18

4 functions of plasma membrane

Answer 18

Mechanical barrier
Control in and out
Joining of cells
Communication

Question 19

Phospholipid bilayer membrane proteins (7)

Answer 19

Transmembrane channel protein
Active carrier protein
Docking marker acceptors for vesicle leaving
Enzymes
Chemical receptors
Cell adhesion molecules (hold cells together)
Glycoproteins for recognition

Question 20

Stays for Caucasian kids with CF

Answer 20

1/2000

Question 21

What channels are defective in CF, what protein faulty

Answer 21

Chloride (CFTR protein)

Question 22

Explain cystic fibrosis

Answer 22

Defect in CFTR protein, chloride channels faulty, na cl not absorbed so accumulates in fluid lining airway.
Cilia can’t clear, common chest infection, defensin (natural antibiotic) can’t function in salt

Question 23

Where does CF affect

Answer 23

Respiratory
Pancreatic
Male reproductive system

Question 24

How is respiration affected by cf

Answer 24

Thick mucous
Chest infection
Lung tissue fibrotic (scarred) harder to inflate, increase in work for breathing

Question 25

What part of digestive system affected by cf, how

Answer 25

Pancreatic duct blocked Enzymes for digestion not delivered Malnutrition Enzyme accumulate in pancreas, make cyst so become fibrotic

Question 26

3 methods of cell adhesion

Answer 26

CAMs (cell adhesion molecules in membrane) EC matrix Specialised cells

Question 27

..

Answer 27

..

Question 28

What is extracellular matrix, what fibre proteins

Answer 28

Intricate mesh work of fibrous proteins Collagen, elastin and fibronectin

Question 29

Examples of specialised cell adhesion molecules

Answer 29

desmosome, tight junction

Question 30

What is a desmosome, what it composed of?

Answer 30

Specialised cell adhesion model Plaque, filament

Question 31

Structure of desmosome

Answer 31

Plaque (cytosol thickened on inside wall of adjacent cells), filaments (cadherins) hold cells together. Keratin often involved, it’s a intracellular intermediate cytoskeleton filament

Question 32

Membrane potential define

Answer 32

Separation of opposite charges across membrane, difference in electric potential

Question 33

3 ions in/out for everyone 2 ions in/out?

Answer 33

Every 3 sodium out, 2 potassium out

Question 34

When does dynamic equilibrium occur across membrane

Answer 34

When electrical gradient and concentration gradient balanced

Question 35

Equilibrium potential for potassium, number? What does it mean

Answer 35

-90mv Point conc gradient matches movement of electrical gradient for potassium

Question 36

Equilibrium potential for sodium

Answer 36

+60mv Point when conc gradient movement equals electrical gradient

Question 37

Total equilibrium potential for na and k, also know as

Answer 37

-70mv Resting potential

Question 38

What cells are excitable cells

Answer 38

Nerve Muscle

Question 39

Factors affecting rate of net diffusion

Answer 39

Conc gradient of substance SA Molecular weight Distance

Question 40

2 types of assisted membrane transport

Answer 40

Carrier mediated transport- small size water soluble substances across membrane, specific, slow (glucose) Vesicular transport- large water soluble molecules and multi molecular particles between ECF and ICF fast (ions)

Question 41

Does facilitated diffusion need ATP

Answer 41

No

Question 42

Primary active transport vs secondary

Answer 42

Primary ATP directly used to move molecules Secondary energy produced from moving molecules used to move others

Question 43

2 mechanisms of secondary active transport

Answer 43

Symport (cotransport) solute moves in same direction as gradient of driving ion Antiport (counter transport) solute moves in opposite direction to gradient of driving ions