Cells

Question 1

Specialized structures in cells that perform specific functions

ex. nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

Answer 1

Organelles

Question 2

Jelly-like substance that holds organelles

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

“plasma membrane”

structure that encloses the cytoplasm

outermost component of a cell

forms a boundary

Answer 3

Cell membrane

Question 4

Smallest units of life

Answer 4

Cell

Question 5

Substances outside the cell

Answer 5

Extracellular

Question 6

Substances inside the cell

Answer 6

Intracellular

Question 7

Arrangement of molecules in the cell membrane

Answer 7

Fluid-mosaic model

Question 8

Allow some substances to pass into or out of the cells

Answer 8

Selectively permeable

Question 9

Movement of a solute from an area higher to lower concentration gradient

Answer 9

Diffusion

Question 10

Diff in the concentration of a solute

Answer 10

Concentration Gradient

Question 11

Allow ions to pass through

Answer 11

Leak channels

Question 12

Limit the movement of ions across the membrane

Answer 12

Gated channels

Question 13

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 13

Osmosis

Question 14

Force required to prevent movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 14

Osmotic pressure

Question 15

Lower concentration

Answer 15

Hypotonic

Question 16

Higher concentration

Answer 16

Hypertonic

Question 17

Same concentration

Answer 17

Isotonic

Question 18

When cells swell then ruptures

Answer 18

Lysis

Question 19

Cell shrinking

Answer 19

Crenation/Shrinkage

Question 20

Movement of a substance across a membrane by a carrier molecules

Answer 20

Carrier-mediated transport

Question 21

Moves substances from a higher to lower concentration

no atp

Answer 21

Facilitated diffusion

Question 22

Moves substances from a lower to higher concentration

has ATP

Answer 22

Active transport

Question 23

Moving concentration gradient to move another substance

Answer 23

Secondary active transport

Question 24

Same direction

Answer 24

Cotransport

Question 25

Opposite direction

Answer 25

Countertransport

Question 26

Movement of materials into cells by formation of vesicles

Answer 26

Endocytosis

Question 27

Cell eating, solid particles are ingested

Answer 27

Phagocytosis

Question 28

Cell drinking, smaller vesicles are formed and contains liquid

Answer 28

Pinocytosis

Question 29

Secretion of materials from cells

Answer 29

Exocytosis

Question 30

Two-layered membrane that bounds the nucleus

Answer 30

Nuclear envelope

Question 31

Where materials can pass into or out the nucleus

Answer 31

Nuclear Pores

Question 32

Loosely coiled chromosomes

Answer 32

Chromatin

Question 33

Consists of ribosomal RNA and proteins

Answer 33

Nucleoli

Question 34

Site of protein synthesis

Answer 34

Ribosomes

Question 35

Forms tubules/sacs throughout the cell

Answer 35

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 36

Protein synthesis and modification contains ribosomes

Answer 36

Rough E.R.

Question 37

Lipid synthesis, detoxification and Ca storage

Answer 37

Smooth E.R.

Question 38

Modifies, packages & distributed lipids and proteins

Answer 38

Golgi Apparatus

Question 39

Transport & stores materials within cells

Answer 39

Secretory Vesicles

Question 40

Membrane bound sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 40

Lysosomes

Question 41

Enzymes that digest fatty acids and amino acids catalyze the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

Answer 41

Peroxisomes

Question 42

Not bound by membranes Digest selected proteins

Answer 42

Proteasomes

Question 43

Major site of ATP production

Answer 43

Mitochondria

Question 44

Holds organelles in places Enables the cell to change shape

Answer 44

Cytoskeleton

Question 45

Supports the cytoplasm assists in cell division

Answer 45

Microtubules

Question 46

Involved in cell movement

Answer 46

Microfilaments

Question 47

Provide mechanical support

Answer 47

Intermediate Filaments

Question 48

Where microtubule formation occurs

Answer 48

Centrosome

Question 49

Specialized zone of cytoplasm

Answer 49

Centrioles

Question 50

Involved in separation of chromosome during mitosis

Answer 50

Spindle Fibers

Question 51

Moves substances over the surface

Answer 51

Cilia

Question 52

Propel sperm cells

Answer 52

Flagella

Question 53

Increase the surface of cells Aids in absorption

Answer 53

Microvilli

Question 54

Sequence of nucleotides

Answer 54

Gene

Question 55

Making a copy of gene

Answer 55

Transcription

Question 56

The copy itself

Answer 56

mRNA

Question 57

Group of three nucleotides

Answer 57

Codons

Question 58

Converting that copied information into a protein

Answer 58

Translation

Question 59

Carry the amino acids

Answer 59

tRNA

Question 60

Series of three nucleotides of tRNA

Answer 60

Anti-codon

Question 61

stop codon

Answer 61

UAA

Question 62

2 PHASES OF CELL LIFE CYCLE non-dividing phase

Answer 62

Interphase

Question 63

2 PHASES OF CELL LIFE CYCLE formation of daughter cells from a single parent cell

Answer 63

Cell division

Question 64

Diploid # of chromosomes

Answer 64

46

Question 65

2X chromosome

Answer 65

female

Question 66

X+Y chromosome

Answer 66

male

Question 67

MITOSIS chromatin condenses

Answer 67

Prophase

Question 68

MITOSIS Chromosomes align at the center

Answer 68

Metaphase

Question 69

MITOSIS Chromatids separate at the centromere & migrate to opposite poles

Answer 69

Anaphase

Question 70

MITOSIS Chromosomes unravel to become chromatin

Answer 70

Telophase

Question 71

Cells develop specialized structures & functions

Answer 71

Differentiation

Question 72

Programmed cell death

Answer 72

Aptosis