Cells Flashcards
(21 cards)
Cell
the basic unit of structure and function in an organism
*its shape and size contribute to its function
Robert Hooke
used a microscope to discover cells
Microscope
tool used to magnify or enlarge small things
Cell Theory
- All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things
- All cells come from cells that already exist.
Organelle
a tiny structure in the cell that performs a function
Nucleus
directs all cell activities (similar to the brain of the cell)
Nucleolus
makes ribosomes
Chromatin
contains DNA (genetic material that are the instructions for the cell)
DNA= deoxyribonucleic acid
Nuclear Membrane
surrounds the nucleus
Cell Membrane
selectively permeable membrane meaning it only lets specific materials move in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm
gel-like material inside the cell
- cytosol is part of the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER)
moves material around in the cell
- like a highway
Ribosomes
make proteins and translate messages
Golgi Bodies
the packaging organelle
Mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell because it breaks down food molecules and releases energy
*does cellular respiration
Vacuole
storage area in the cell
Lysosomes
digest wastes and worn-out cell parts, “cleans” the cell
Chloroplasts
contain a chemical called chlorophyll (absorbs the sun’s energy & makes the plant green) and allows the plant to make food for itself (like solar panels)
*does photosynthesis
*only in plants
Cell Wall
outer boundary of plant cell, rigid & tough, provides support and shape
-made of cellulose
*only in plants
Prokaryotic Cells
Cells that do not have a nucleus, usually unicellular
Eukaryotic Cells
Cells contain a nucleus and other organelles
