Cells

Question 1

Active Transport

Answer 1

Movement of materials across membranes by using energy

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

The basic building block of every living thing - can have different functions eg skin cell vs liver cell

Question 3

DNA Replication

Answer 3

The process of replicating every chromosome in the nucleus in preparation for mitosis aka making more cells

Question 4

Double Helix

Answer 4

the spiral shape of DNA

Question 5

Enzymes

Answer 5

Biological catalysts, which speed up the reaction inside of cells

Question 6

Active Site

Answer 6

The “pocket” in the surface of an enzyme where the substrate binds

Question 7

Substrate

Answer 7

The thing that binds to the enzyme’s active site and is converted into something else

Question 8

Mitosis

Answer 8

The process of splitting one cell into two indentical cells (cloning)

Question 9

Rate limiting factor

Answer 9

The reactant that is present in the smallest amount and therefore stops the rate of reaction from increasing beyond a certain point

Question 10

Organelles

Answer 10

The “machinery” inside of cells which enables them to carry out their life processes

Question 11

Cell membrane

Answer 11

A phospholipid bilayer that surrounds a cell and determines what can get in and out of a cell

Question 12

Cell wall

Answer 12

A rigid structure that wraps around the outside of the cell membrane to give plants a rigid structure and structure

Question 13

Chloroplasts

Answer 13

The organelle where photosythesis is carried out (only in plants)

Question 14

Chlorophyll

Answer 14

A green pigment found in thylakoids that traps sunlight to provide the energy for photosynthesis

Question 15

Grana

Answer 15

Stacks of thylakoids inside the stroma

Question 16

Stroma

Answer 16

The liquid-filled space inside the inner membrane of chloroplasts

Question 17

Thylakoids

Answer 17

Sacs covered in chlorophyll to trap light for photosynthesis

Question 18

Cytoplasm

Answer 18

The jelly-like, nutrient-rich substance which fills up cells

Question 19

Mitochondria

Answer 19

The organelle where aerobic respiration is carried out in the cell

Question 20

Cristae

Answer 20

The wiggly inner membrane of mitochondria (wiggles increase the surface area to make the reactions go faster)

Question 21

Matrix

Answer 21

The liquid - filled space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria, contains enzymes to make respiration go faster

Question 22

Nucleus

Answer 22

The “control centre” of the cell, containing the cell’s DNA

Question 23

Passive transport

Answer 23

Movement of all materials across cell membranes without the use of energy/ATP

Question 24

Diffusion

Answer 24

The PASSIVE movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, down its concentration gradient

Question 25

Faciliated diffusion

Answer 25

Diffusion of large or larger charged molecules through channels inserted in the membranes of cells

Question 26

Osmosis

Answer 26

The PASSIVE movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

Question 27

Solute

Answer 27

A substance that is dissolved in water

Question 28

Photosythesis

Answer 28

The process of using light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose for the plant to use as fuel

Question 29

Light - dependent phase of photosynthesis

Answer 29

The first stage of photosythesis (the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen)

Question 30

Light - independent phase of photosynthesis

Answer 30

The second stage of photosythesis (the production of glucose from hydrogen and carbon dioxide)

Question 31

Respiration

Answer 31

The process of reacting glucose with oxygen to produce ATP as energy for the cell, to enable it to be able to carry out its life processes

Question 32

ATP

Answer 32

A form of energy that cells can use

Question 33

Rate limiting factor

Answer 33

The reactant that is present in the smallest amount and therefore stops the rate of reaction from increasing beyond a certain point

Question 34

Nucleotide

Answer 34

A group of a sugar, a phosphate and a base (A, C, T or G)

Question 35

photosynthesis equation

Answer 35

carbon dioxide + water --> oxygen + glucose

Question 36

aerobic respiration equation

Answer 36

glucose + oxygen --> water + CO2 + ATP

Question 37

anaerobic respiration equation

Answer 37

glucose --> carbon dioxide + lactic acid OR alchol (depending on the cell)