cells Flashcards
(30 cards)
cell
basic unit of life
digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles, + bacteria
lysosomes
what does each cell contain
smaller parts called organelles which have special functions
cytoplasm
jelly-like substance that fills the cell + surrounds the organelles (plant cell)
nucleus
The control center of the cell (controls growth, reproduction, ect)
is surrounded by nuclear envelope (contains pores to transport materials in + out)
contains the nucleolus (produces ribosomes) contains cell’s DNA which codes the making of proteins + other.
vacuole
store nutrients, + other substances used by the cell, in plant cells the central vacuole stores water for the cell
vesicles
transport substances throughout the cell
mitochondria
supplies energy to the cell (converts chemical energy in sugar into energy the cell can use)
lysosomes
where digestion occurs
filled w/ enzymes (proteins that speed up chemical reactions)
break down bacteria + damaged cell parts
endoplasmic reticulum
carries materials throughout the cell (made of a series of connected tubes)
RER- has ribosomes attached to it
SER- smooth endoplasmic reticulum (w/o ribosomes) produces oils + fats
golgi apparatus
modifies, sorts, + packages proteins + other materials from endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell
centrioles
Involved in animal cell division
cytoskeleton
an internal network of fibres that maintains the cell’s shape
made up of microfilaments (involved in muscle contraction) + microtubules (in which act as scaffolding + a set of tracks for movement)
similar in appearance to the endoplasmic reticulum but is not attached to nucleus
cell wall
only found in plant cells
a rigid frame that provides strength, protection, + support
chloroplasts
only found in plant cells
contain chlorophyll (green substance that uses energy from the sun to convert CO2 + H2O into sugar + O2 during photosynthesis)
chloroplasts contain thylakoids (litter sacs stacked like coins that act as solar collectors) surrounded by a thick fluid called stroma
the stack of thylakords is called granum
cell membrane
the protective barrier around the cell
that allows different substances to move through it
made up of fat that does not dissolve (lipids)
process for moving substances across the membrane is called diffuse
stores material within the cell?
vacuoles + vesicles
flattened sacs inside the chloroplast?
thylaicoid
the sites of protein synthesis/assembly?
RER
system of tubes that transports materials within the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
organelle that controls or manages the cell functions
nucleus
RER- endoplasmic reticulum creates
protein
a firm, protective structure that gives shape to plant
vacuole
provides energy for the cell
mitochondria
