Cells

Question 1

Other term for Somatic Cells:

Answer 1

Body Cells

Question 2

What are included in the body cells?

Answer 2

Bone Cells
Blood Cells
Nerve Cells
Muscle Cells

Question 3

Somatic cells have two copies of the genome and are said to be _____.

Answer 3

Diploid

Question 4

Somatic cells have _____ of the genome and are
said to be diploid.

Answer 4

2 copies

Question 5

Sperm and egg cells have only one copy of the genome and are said to be _____.

Answer 5

Haploid

Question 6

Sperm and egg cells have _____ of the genome
and are said to be haploid.

Answer 6

Only one copy

Question 7

Organism that lacks nucleus.

Answer 7

Prokaryotes

Question 8

Organism that has nucleus.

Answer 8

Eukaryotes

Question 9

Macromolecules that are important in the biological process:

Answer 9

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acid

Question 10

Function of Carbohydrates:

Answer 10

Provide energy

Question 11

Function of Lipids:

Answer 11

Form membranes and hormones, provide insulation and store energy.

Question 12

Function of Proteins:

Answer 12

Important in blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and immunity, while others serve and catalysts.

Question 13

Macromolecule that provides energy.

Answer 13

Carbohydrates

Question 14

Macromolecule that form membranes and hormones, provide insulation and store energy.

Answer 14

Lipids

Question 15

Macromolecule that have many diverse functions in the body, and are important in blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and immunity, while others serve and catalysts.

Answer 15

Proteins

Question 16

A covering that defines cell boundary.

Answer 16

Plasma Membrane

Question 17

Function of Plasma Membrane:

Answer 17

Actively controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

Question 18

Covering in most Animal Cells:

Answer 18

Glycocalyx or Cell Coat

Question 19

Function of Glycocalyx or Cell Coat:

Answer 19

Provides biochemical identity at the surface of cells, and the components of the coat that establish cellular identity are under genetic control.

Question 20

A membrane bound structure that houses the DNA, which is complex with protein into thin fibers.

Answer 20

Nucleus

Question 21

During the nondivisional phases of the cell cycle, the fibers are uncoiled and dispersed into _____.

Answer 21

Chromatin

Question 22

During mitosis and meiosis, chromatin fibers coil and condense into _____.

Answer 22

Chromosomes

Question 23

Place where ribosomal RNA is synthesized.

Answer 23

Nucleolus

Question 24

In prokaryotes, the genetic material is compacted into an unenclosed region called the _____.

Answer 24

Nucleoid

Question 25

The remainder of the cell within the plasma membrane excluding the nucleus is called as the _____.

Answer 25

Cytoplasm

Question 26

This structure of cell appears smooth in places where it serves as site for synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids, and in other places, appears rough as it is studded with ribosomes.

Answer 26

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 27

2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum:

Answer 27

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 28

Sites of protein synthesis, guided by the information contained in the mRNA.

Answer 28

Ribosomes

Question 29

Provide energy by breaking down nutrients from food.

Answer 29

Mitochondria

Question 30

The energy liberated from food is captured and stored in the bonds present in a molecule called _____.

Answer 30

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 31

A pair of complex structure that are located in a specialized region called the centrosome.

Answer 31

Centrioles

Question 32

The centrioles are a pair of complex structure that are located in a specialized region called the _____.

Answer 32

Centrosome

Question 33

A meshwork of protein rods and tubules that molds the distinctive structures of a cell, positioning organelles and providing three-dimensional shape.

Answer 33

Cytoskeleton

Question 34

3 Major Types of Elements of Cytoskeleton:

Answer 34

Microtubules Microfilaments Intermediate Filaments

Question 35

The Major Types of Elements of Cytoskeleton is distinguished by:

Answer 35

Protein Type Diameter How they Aggregate into Larger Structures

Question 36

Hair-like structures.

Answer 36

Cilia

Question 37

Microtubules is composed of a pair of protein called _____.

Answer 37

Tubulin

Question 38

Characteristics of Microtubules:

Answer 38

* Microtubules are long and hollow * It provide many cellular movements * Composed of a pair of protein called tubulin * They form the cilia, which are hair-like structures

Question 39

Characteristics of Microfilaments:

Answer 39

* These are long, thin rods composed of many molecules of the protein actin * Solid and narrower than microtubules, they enable cells to withstand stretching and compression * They also help anchor one cell to another

Question 40

Characteristics of Intermediate Filaments:

Answer 40

* They have diameters intermediate between those of microtubules and microfilaments * They are abundant in skin and nerve cells * In actively dividing skin cells, it forms a strong inner framework that firmly attaches cells to each other and to the underlying tissue

Question 41

Area where the Intermediate Filaments are abundant:

Answer 41

Skin Cells Nerve Cells