Cells Flashcards
(21 cards)
what is the outer layer of the cell
cell membrane
what is semi-permiable
cell membrane - decides what goes in / out
what is hydrophilic
water loving - phosphate head
what is amphipathic
molecule with both hydrophobic & hydrophilic sections
can charged molecules e.g. Cl, Na, amino acids pass through cell membrane
no
can ethanol (small and polar) pass through the cell membrane
yes
what do cell proteins do
transfer messages/receptors & transport molecules in & out of the membrane
what needs to be ensured/can go wrong and lead to disease during cell division
each new cell should get a perfect full copy of the genetic material
what does dna contain
nucleotides organised by gene
what do genes do
provide instructions for making proteins
what is a genome
a cells set of dna
what is a chromosome
chains of dna that are wrapped tightly around each other
what is a chromatin
dna + structural proteins e.g. histones
what is a chromatid
multiple in a chromosome
when separate they are two different chromosomes
what are histones
proteins
is O extremely electronegative
yes
what is a hydrogen bond? are they stronger than covalent bonds
not stronger, weaker
occurs when partially negative side (O) of h2o is attracted to another h2o molecule’s partially positive side (H)
what is a meniscus
a formation of water molecules in a glass
what is a concave meniscus
water’s partial positive charge being attracted to glass (silicone molecule’s) partial negative charge
can we have a convex meniscus
yes, mercury will have a hump in the middle
why is water a good solvent
it’s polar
