cells

Question 1

Basic Cellular Biology Structure

Answer 1

● Cell Membrane
● Cytoplasm
● Cytoplasmic Organelles
● Nucleus

Question 2

structure encasing and surrounding the human cell
● made up of lipids and proteins
● functions as barricade to protect cellular
contents from the outside environment
● controls the passage of water and other
materials into and out of the cell

Answer 2

Cell Membrane

Question 3

all cellular metabolic functions occur here

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

protoplasm that exists outside the cell’s nucleus

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 4

cytoplasm primarily composed of water but also contains

Answer 4

proteins, carbohydrates and lipids

Question 4

makes up most of the cell

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

functions as the highway system of the cell

Answer 5

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 5

enables the cell to communicate with the extracellular environment and transfer food and molecules from one part of the cell to another

Answer 5

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 6

two types of ER

Answer 6

Rough Surfaced (granular) and Smooth (agranular)

Question 7

numerous ribosomes are present

Answer 7

Rough Surfaced (granular)

Question 8

ribosomes are
not present

Answer 8

Smooth (agranular)

Question 8

vesicles that extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane

Answer 8

Golgi Apparatus, bodies or Complex

Question 9

consist of tubes and a tiny sac located near the nucleus

Answer 9

Golgi Apparatus, bodies or Complex

Question 10

When the cell manufactures enzymes and hormones, the Golgi apparatus:

Answer 10

Concentrates, Packages, Transports

Question 11

large, double-membranous, oval or bean-shaped structures

Answer 11

Mitochondria

Question 12

“powerhouses” of the cell because they supply the energy for cells

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 12

contain highly organized enzymes that produce this energy for cellular activity by breaking down nutrients such as: carbohydrates, fats, proteins

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

ontain the centrioles, play a significant role in the formation of the mitotic spindle; by organizing the spindle fibers during cell division.

Answer 13

Centrosomes

Question 14

spherical bodies that are of great importance for within the cytoplasm

Answer 14

Lysosomes

Question 14

contain a group of different digestive enzymes that target proteins

Answer 14

Lysosomes

Question 15

primary function appears to be the breaking down of unwanted large molecules

Answer 15

Lysosomes

Question 16

very small spherical organelles that attach to the ER

Answer 16

Ribosomes

Question 17

consists of two thirds RNA and one third protein

Answer 17

Ribosomes

Question 17

manufacture (synthesize) the various proteins that cells require by using the blueprints provided by mRNA

Answer 17

Ribosomes

Question 18

located in the center of the cell near the nucleus

Answer 18

Centrosomes

Question 19

forms the heart of the living cell

Answer 19

Nucleus

Question 20

separated from the other parts of the cell by double walled membrane (nuclear envelope

Answer 20

Nucleus

Question 21

spherical mass of protoplasm

Answer 21

nucleoplasm

Question 22

two nuclear components are arranged in long threads

Answer 22

chromatin

Question 23

tiny rod-shaped bodies

Answer 23

chromosome

Question 24

ne very small, rounded body

Answer 24

nucleolus

Question 25

hemical building material for all living things

Answer 25

protoplasm

Question 26

○ this substance carries on the: ○ Complex process of metabolism ○ Reception and processing of food and oxygen ○ Elimination of waste products

Answer 26

protoplasm

Question 27

contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer 27

Organic compounds

Question 28

do not contain carbon

Answer 28

inorganic compounds

Question 29

3 Water’s Role Outside the Cell

Answer 29

● As a transportation system to and from cells ● As a medium to dissolve and regulate acids, bases, and salts ● As a means of maintaining a constant body temperature

Question 29

5 Functions of Water in the Body

Answer 29

● Acts as a solvent ● Acts as transport medium for substances ● Serves to lubricate joints and the digestive tract ● Regulates body temperature through evaporation ● Cushion organs such as the brain and lungs

Question 30

most abundant component of protoplasm

Answer 30

Water

Question 31

Protein, how many percent

Answer 31

15% of the cell

Question 32

composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Answer 32

Proteins

Question 33

● assisting in growth, constructing tissues, and repairing injured or worn-out tissues ● are located in fingernails, hair, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and muscle

Answer 33

Proteins

Question 33

building blocks of proteins

Answer 33

amino acids

Question 34

ex of proteins:

Answer 34

insulin, egg whites, gelatin, and hemoglobin

Question 35

important group of proteins that are found in all living cells

Answer 35

enzymes

Question 36

act as organic catalysts

Answer 36

enzymes

Question 37

provide cell energy, help to make cell parts, and control almost every cell process

Answer 37

enzymes

Question 38

Lipids, how many percent

Answer 38

2%

Question 39

Carbohyrdrates, how many percent

Answer 39

1%

Question 40

Nucleic Acid, how many percent

Answer 40

1%

Question 41

storing energy, insulating our bodies from cold, assisting with the digestive process, and helping to lubricate the joints

Answer 41

Lipids

Question 42

composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and are the major source of cell energy

Answer 42

Carbohydrates

Question 43

subdivided into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Answer 43

Carbohydrates

Question 44

simple sugars. They cannot be broken down further

Answer 44

monosaccharides

Question 45

double sugars

Answer 45

disaccharides

Question 46

large macromolecules constructed of hundreds to thousands of simple sugar molecules in a long chain

Answer 46

polysaccharides

Question 47

organic compounds that contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and phosphorus

Answer 47

NucleicAcids

Question 48

largest known organic molecules

Answer 48

NucleicAcids

Question 49

smaller subunits

Answer 49

nucleotides

Question 50

two groups of nitrogenous bases

Answer 50

purines and pyrimidines.