Cells

Question 1

What are cells?

Answer 1

Cells are the smallest units of life and are what make up organisms.

Question 2

what is a unicellular organism?

Answer 2

an organism made with only one cell

Question 3

what is a multicellular organism?

Answer 3

A living thing that is made up of multiple cells.

Question 4

name 3 organisms that are unicellular

Answer 4

1. yeast
2. amoeba
3. bacteria

Question 5

What are the levels of organisation?

Answer 5

cells -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism

Question 6

What is tissue?

Answer 6

A group of cells that are joined together

Question 7

What are some key differences between plants and animals?

Answer 7

The plants have a larger vacuole and animals can drink water. Plants have a cell wall which acts as the bone structure that animals have. Animals can eat food to receive their nutrients whereas plants use photosynthesis.

Question 8

What does a plant cell consist of?

Answer 8

Cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, vacuole, mitochondrium, smooth er, rough er, nucleus, golgi body, chloroplast and cytoplasm.

Question 9

cytoplasm/cytosol function

Answer 9

Jelly-like liquid that fills the cell and holds the components of the cell while protecting them from damage too.

Question 10

Cell membrane function

Answer 10

it is the boundary of the cell

Question 11

cell wall function

Answer 11

provides protection and strength for the cell. It allows substances to pass in and out.

Question 12

nucleus function

Answer 12

contains DNA and controls cell activity

Question 13

Chloroplast function

Answer 13

uses light and carbon dioxide to make sugar

Question 14

mitochondrion function

Answer 14

Use sugar to create energy packets for the cell

Question 15

Vacuole function

Answer 15

To store fluids, nutrients and waste

Question 16

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 16

The process of converting water and carbon dioxide to nutrients using sunlight

Question 17

Which organelle does a plant store water in? Why do they need to store water?

Answer 17

Vacuoles are what plants store water in so they can stay alive during dry weather or when they can’t get access to the liquid they need.

Question 18

Which organelle makes a plant stand upright, rigid and strong?

Answer 18

Plants are able to stand upright because of an organelle called the ‘cell wall’ which gives structure to the plant like the skeletal system does for animals.

Question 19

smooth er function

Answer 19

creates & stores lipids

Question 20

rough er

Answer 20

synthesises proteins and sends it to Golgi Apparatus

Question 21

golgi body/apparatus function

Answer 21

To modifies, sorts and packages protein and lipids for transport.

Question 22

In multi-cellular organisms…

Answer 22

cells work together to perform specific functions necessary for life.

Question 23

All cells are the same, TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 23

FALSE

Question 24

What is a specialised cell?

Answer 24

A specialised cell has a unique structure which allows the cell to have unique functions

Question 25

What are 7 specialised cells?

Answer 25

fat cell, intestinal lining cell, nerve cell, surface skin cell, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and sperm cells.

Question 26

Why do humans need to breathe?

Answer 26

The cells inside a human's body need oxygen to release energy from sugar. Without energy, cells can't perform their essential life processes and will die.

Question 27

Which specialised cell carries oxygen to parts of the body?

Answer 27

The red blood cell

Question 28

What does the red blood cell have that helps it to do its functions?

Answer 28

- its red pigment is called Haemoglobin and attaches oxygen to the cell - no nucleus, without a nucleus, there is more space in the cell to fit haemoglobin - flattened disc shape gives the cell more surface area to absorb and release oxygen - flexibility, allows these cells to bend and squeeze through small blood vessels.

Question 29

Which specialised cell does water pass through when we drink water?

Answer 29

The intestines

Question 30

What do the intestines have that help it to do its functions?

Answer 30

The intestines have villi and microvilli which help water to be absorbed easier because of the increased surface area.

Question 31

Which specialised cell stores energy from food for future use?

Answer 31

The fat cell

Question 32

Where are fat cells found?

Answer 32

Fat cells are found under the skin and around organs.

Question 33

What do fat cells have that help with its function?

Answer 33

The fat cells have droplets of fat in the cytosol and these grow or shrink as it is gained or used.