Cells

Question 1

Histology

Answer 1

Study of the microscopic structure and function of cells and associated tissue.

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

The smallest living unit of organization in the body

Question 3

Tissue

Answer 3

Cells grouped together with similar characteristics of form and function

Question 4

Organ

Answer 4

Various tissue types bonded together

Question 5

System

Answer 5

Organs functioning together

Question 6

Exocytosis

Answer 6

active transport of material from a vesicle
within the cell out into the extracellular
environment.

Question 7

Endocytosis

Answer 7

The uptake of materials from the extracellular
environment into the cell

Question 8

Phagocytosis

Answer 8

Engulfing and then
digesting of solid waste
and foreign material

Question 9

Cell membrane

Answer 9

Surround the cell

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

The semifluid part contained within the cell membrane boundary as well as the skeletal system of support or
cytoskeleton.

Question 11

Vacuoles

Answer 11

spaces or cavities in the cytoplasm

Question 12

Organelles

Answer 12

metabolically active specialized structures within the cell.

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

The largest, densest, and most conspicuous organelle in the cell

Question 14

Chromatin

Answer 14

The chief nucleic acid in
the nucleoplasm is
deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA), in the form of chromatin

Question 15

DNA

Answer 15

As much as 98% of human DNA does not code for a specific product.

Question 16

Chromosomes

Answer 16

In an actively dividing cell, the
chromatin condenses into microscopically visible, discrete, rodlike chromosomes

Question 17

Centromere

Answer 17

Contained in each chromosome. Clear constricted area near the middle

Question 18

Chromatids

Answer 18

Daughter chromosomes joined by a centromere during cell division.

Question 19

Nucleoplasm

Answer 19

Fluid part in the nucleus. contains important molecules used in the construction of ribosomes, nucleic acids, and other nuclear materials.

Question 20

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 20

Surrounds the nucleus. similar the cell membrane by double layered

Question 21

Nuclear pores

Answer 21

Act as avenues of communication between the inner nucleoplasm and
the outer cytoplasm

Question 22

Nucleolus

Answer 22

A prominent, rounded nuclear organelle that is centrally placed in the
nucleoplasm

Question 23

Mitochondria

Answer 23

The most numerous organelles in the cell. They are associated with energy
conversion.

Question 24

Ribosomes

Answer 24

The tiny sphere-shaped organelles in the cell. produced in the nucleolus from rRNA and protein molecules and are
assembled in the cytoplasm.

Question 25

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 25

Consists of parallel membrane bound‑ channels.

Question 26

Smooth ER

Answer 26

Absence of ribosomes

Question 27

Rough ER

Answer 27

Rresence of ribosomes

Question 28

Golgi complex

Answer 28

ER modified protein goes here for subsequent segregation, packaging, and transport of protein compounds.

Question 29

Lysosomes

Answer 29

Organelles produced by the Golgi complex and function in both intracellular and extracellular digestion by the cell

Question 30

Centrosome

Answer 30

A dense, somewhat oval shaped‑ organelle that contains a pair of cylindrical structures, the centrioles.

Question 31

Cytoskeleton

Answer 31

Three dimensional system of support within the cell

Question 32

Microfilaments

Answer 32

Consist of specialized proteins. Delicate, threadlike microscopic structures

Question 33

Microtubules

Answer 33

Consist of specialized proteins. slender, hollow, tubular microscopic structures that may appear individually, doubly, or as triplets.

Question 34

Cilia

Answer 34

Shorter and numerous projections on cells

Question 35

Flagella

Answer 35

Longer and fewer projections on cells

Question 36

Intermediate filaments

Answer 36

Various types of thicker, threadlike microscopic structures within the cell.

Question 37

Tonofilaments,

Answer 37

Type of intermediate filament that have a major role in intercellular junctions.

Question 38

Inclusions

Answer 38

Metabolically inert substances that are also transient over time in the cell.

Question 39

Cell division

Answer 39

Also known as mitosis. Consists of four phases prophase, metaphase anaphase, and telophase

Question 40

Tissue Fluid

Answer 40

Provides a medium for dissolving, mixing, and transporting substances and for carrying out chemical reactions.

Question 41

Intercellular substance

Answer 41

Shapeless, colorless, and transparent material in which the cells of a tissue are imbedded. fills the spaces between the cells in a tissue.

Question 42

Intercellular junctions

Answer 42

Cells in tissues are joined by this mechanism

Question 43

Desmosome

Answer 43

Superficial layers of the skin or oral mucosa.

Question 44

Hemidesmosome

Answer 44

Another type of intercellular junction which involves an attachment of a cell to an adjacent noncellular surface