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Cells Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

Are the building blocks basic units of all living things

A

Cells

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2
Q

Who discovered the cell

A

Robert hooke in 1600s

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3
Q

In what way did robert hooke discovered the cell

A

He was looking through a crude microscope and saw some cube like structures that reminded him of the long rows of monk’s room at the monastery

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4
Q

What are the anatomy of cell

A

Cells are not all the same
all cells share general structure

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5
Q

What are the three main regions of the cell

A

Nucleus
cytoplasm
Plasma membrane

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6
Q

Where does nucleus located

A

Near the center of the cell

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7
Q

Headquarter control center of the cell

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

-Contains general material dna
- shape confirms the shape of the cell
-a round or oval body that is surrounded by a nuclear envelope

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

What are the three regions of the nucleus

A

Nuclear membrane/envelope nucleolus
chromatin

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10
Q

Double membrane barrier of the nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope/ nuclear membrane

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11
Q

consists of a double phospholipid membrane

A

Nuclear envelope/ nuclear membrane

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12
Q

contain nuclear force that allow for exchange of material with the rest of the cell

A

Nuclear envelope/ nuclear membrane

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13
Q

Refers to one or more small dark staining essentially round bodies

A

Nucleoli (little nuclei)

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14
Q

A loose network of bumpy threads composed of dna and protein

A

Chromatin

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15
Q

scattered throughout the nucleus

A

Chromatin

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16
Q

chromatin condenses to form dense road like bodies called _____ when the cell divides

A

Chromosomes

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17
Q

condenses to form dense road like bodies called chromosomes when the cell divides

A

Chromatin

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18
Q

The blueprint that contains all the instructions needed for building the whole body

A

Dna deoxyribonucleic acid

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19
Q

Has the instructions for building proteins

A

Dna deoxyribonucleic acid

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20
Q

Absolutely necessary for cell production

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid dna

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21
Q

Fragile transparent barrier for cell contents

A

plasma membrane

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22
Q

forms the outer cell boundary

A

plasma membrane

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23
Q

composed of a lipid bilayer containing protein

A

plasma membrane

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24
Q

Polar heads of phospholipid molecules

A

Hydrophilic (water loving) heads

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25
attracted to water
Hydrophilic (water loving) heads
26
lie on both the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane
Hydrophilic (water loving) heads
27
Nonpolar tales of phospholipid molecules
Hydrophobic (water hating) tails
28
avoid water
Hydrophobic (water hating) tails
29
line up in the center of the plasma membrane
Hydrophobic (water hating) tails
30
also contains proteins cholesterol and glycoproteins
Hydrophobic (water hating) tails
31
Responsible for specialized membrane functions: -enzymes - receptor for hormones or other chemical messengers - transport as channels or cariers
Role of proteins
32
Are branced sugars attached to proteins that abut the extracellular space
Glycoproteins
33
Is the fuzzy sticky sugar rich area on the cell surface
Glycocalyx
34
Finger like projections that increase surface area for absorption
Microvilli
35
The larger its surface area the more material can move through the membrane per minute
Microvilli
36
tend to accelerate absorption
Microvilli
37
Are the closely associated areas of two cells whose membranes join together
Tight junctions
38
-forming a virtually impermeable barrier to fluid -they hold the cells together
Tight junctions
39
A cell structure specialized for cell to cell adhesion
Desmosome (maculla adherens)
40
Help to resist shearing forces and are found in simple and stratified squamous epithelium
Desmosome (macullacadherens)
41
Cellular material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
42
What are the three major elements of cytoplasm
Cytosol organelles inclusions
43
Fluids that suspends other elements
Cytosol
44
the fluid in which the organelles of the cytoplasm are suspended
Cytosol
45
also called the ground substance of the cell
Cytosol
46
Metabolic machinery of the cell
Organelles
47
Non functioning units
Inclusions
48
Literally means little organs
Cytoplasmic organelles
49
What are the eight cytoplasmic organelles
Mitochondria ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus lysosomes peroxisomes cytoskeleton centrioles
50
Singular of mitochondria
Mitochondrion
51
Tiny thread like or sausage shape organelles
mitochondria
52
-usually they are rod shape - in living things, they squirm lenten and change shape almost continuously
mitochondria
53
In the mitochondria it Has shelf like protrusions called
Cristae (crests)
54
Smooth and featureless
Outer membrane of the mitochondria
55
Has shelf like protrusions called cristae
Inner membrane of the mitochondria
56
Tiny bilobed dark stained bodies made up of proteins and one variety of rna
Ribosomes
57
Where does ribosomes can be found
-floating freely in the cytoplasm ( cytosol ) -attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum
58
they are protein builders synthesizers of the cell
Ribosomes
59
They are like construction guys who connect one amino acid at a time and build long chains
Ribosomes
60
Membranous system of tubules that extends throughout the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
61
Is continuous with the nuclear envelope forming a system of channels for the transport of cellular substance from one part of the cell to another
endoplasmic reticulum
62
What are the two forms of endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum
63
Studded with ribosomes
Rough er
64
tubules of rough er provide an area for storage and transport of the proteins made on the ribosomes to another cell areas
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
65
external phases synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
66
It has no function in protein synthesis
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
67
It is a site for steroid and lipid synthesis lipid metabolism and drug detoxification
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
68
Is the packaging and transport system of cell
endoplasmic reticulum
69
-Stocks of flattened socks with bulbous and associated small vesicles -found close to nucleus
Golgi apparatus
70
Size membranous socks containing powerful digestive enzymes
Lyzosomes
71
Paired cylindrical bodies lie at the right angles to each other close to the nucleus
Centrioles
72
-as part of the centrosome they direct the formation of the miotics spindle during cell division - form the base of cilia and flagella
Centrioles
73
Provide cellular support by forming an internal scafffoldings
Cytoskeleton
74
Function also in intracellular transport
Cytoskeleton
75
What are the three different types of cytoskeleton
Microfilament intermediate filament microtubules
76
Ribbon or cord like elements
Microfilaments
77
formed largely of actin a contractile protein does are important in cell mobility particularly in muscle cells
Microfilaments
78
Proteinaceous cytoskeletal elements that acts as internal guy wires to resist mechanical forces acting on cells
Intermediate filament
79
Slander tubules formed of proteins called tubulins
Microtubules
80
they organize the cytoskeleton and form the spindle during cell division
Microtubules
81
formed the internal structure of the centrioles and help determine cell shape
Microtubules
82
-Not found in all cells - used for movements
Cellular projections
83
Moves materials across cell surface
Cilia
84
Propels the cell
flagellum
85
The division of the copy dna of the mother cell to 2 daughter cells
Mitosis
86
What are the four stages of mitosis in order
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
87
Not part of mitosis (no cell division occurs) inactive phase
Interface
88
-Cell carries out normal metabolic activities and growth - dna is in the form of chromatin -nuclear envelope and nuclei are intact and visible
Interphase
89
What are the three distinct periods
G1: the centrioles begin replicating S: dna is replicated G2: final preparations for mitosis are completed and centrioles finish replicating
90
-First part of cell division -chromatin condenses forming bar like chromosomes
Prophase
91
Chromo= ?, soma= body
Colored; body
92
What is the name of the duplicated chromosomes consists of two identical threads held together at the centromere
Sister chromatids
93
separated from one another and begin to move towards opposite sides of the cell directing the assembly of mitotic spindle made of microtubules between them as they move
The 2 centromeres
94
The nuclear envelope breaks up allowing the spindle to interact with the chromosomes chromosomes have attached randomly to the spindle fibers by their centromeres
Late telophase
95
Chromosomes cluster and become a lined at the ?
metaphase
96
Small lysosomes like membranous sacs containing oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol hydrogen peroxide and harmful chemicals
Peroxisomes

Cells (1 decks)

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