Cells

Question 1

Mitochondria

Answer 1

The mitochondria is where cellular respiration occurs and it breaks down food and releases energy through chemical reactions.

Question 2

Ribosomes

Answer 2

It helps manufacture proteins from amino acids and is not surrounded by a membrane (also found in prokaryotes). Located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and ER.

Question 3

Vacuole

Answer 3

Vacuoles store water, nutrients, and sometimes waste products. They are an example of a membrane-bound vesicle.

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

The nucleus contains the DNA of the cell. It also controls cellular processes like growth and metabolism.

Question 5

Cell Membrane

Answer 5

The cell membrane is the outer layer of the cell. It decides what can enter and leave the cell.

Question 6

ER (Smooth)

Answer 6

This ER does not have ribosomes but it makes lipids and helps remove harmful substances.

Question 7

ER (Rough)

Answer 7

Contains many ribosomes as it is a major site of protein production and it spreads from the nucleus throughout most of the cell.

Question 8

Lysosome

Answer 8

Lysosomes break down waste parts like a recycling plant. This can include dead cell parts and byproducts of cellular processes

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body)

Answer 9

This organelle receives newly made proteins and prepares them into membrane-bound structures called vesicles. Lysosomes are an example of these vesicles.

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

The liquid part inside the cell membrane that contains salts and other molecules. It provides shape, structure, and movement inside the cell and contains the cell’s cytoskeleton and many cell activities.

Question 11

Nucleoid

Answer 11

The nucleoid is similar to the nucleus as it hold the DNA. However, it is irregularly shaped and only found in prokaryotic cells.

Question 12

Flagellum

Answer 12

The flagellum is the large tentacle that is used to propel. This organelle is only
found in prokaryotic cells.

Question 13

Chloroplast

Answer 13

Uses light energy and makes food (glucose) from water and carbon dioxide through photosynthesis (only in plant cells)

Question 14

1st part of cell theory

Answer 14

All organisms are made up of one or more cells

Question 15

Cell Wall

Answer 15

A rigid structure outside the cell membrane that protects a cell from viruses and harmful organisms. Also helps to maintain cell shape providing structural support (Only in plant and some fungus cells).

Question 16

2nd part of cell theory

Answer 16

Cells are the basic unit of life

Question 17

3rd part of cell theory

Answer 17

All cells come from preexisting cells

Question 18

Who are all the scientists involved in the creation of cell theory

Answer 18

Theodore Schwann, Matthias Schleidan

Question 19

Eukaryotic Cells (definiton)

Answer 19

Cells that contain membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus to store their DNA and control cellular processes

Question 20

Eukaryotic Cells (types)

Answer 20

plants, animals, fungi, protists (unicellular or multicellular)

Question 21

Prokaryotic Cells (definition)

Answer 21

A unicellular organism that does not contain membrane-bound organelles or a nucleus (their DNA floats around in their cytoplasm which is known as the nucleoid)

Question 22

Prokaryotic Cells (types)

Answer 22

bacteria and archea

Question 23

Most bacteria have what on the outside?

Answer 23

A hard cell wall outside a softer cell membrane

Question 24

What do plant cells have that animal cells do not (4 things)

Answer 24

Cell wall, large central vacuole, chloroplasts, boxy/organized shape

Question 25

What do animal cells have that plant cells do not (2)

Answer 25

Multiple small vacuoles and round/irregular shape

Question 26

Wilting

Answer 26

Wilting occurs when vacuoles in plants dry up and lose their water, in turn reducing their size.