Cells

Question 1

What is a nucleus

Answer 1

Largest organelle in animal cell (usually spherical)
Contains genetic material or DNA
Present in all cells except mature xylem and red blood cell

Question 2

Function of nucleus

Answer 2

Control all cell activities in the cell

Question 3

What is a mitochondrion

Answer 3

Found in all plant and animal cells
Occurs in very large amounts. Especially abundant in more metabolically active cells like muscle and liver cells

Question 4

Function of mitochondrion

Answer 4

Carries out cellular respiration to release energy for the cell

Question 5

What is a chloroplast

Answer 5

Contains chlorophyll
Present in leaf cells and other green parts of plants and algae

Question 6

Function of chloroplast

Answer 6

Site of photosynthesis

Question 7

What is a cell wall

Answer 7

consists of cellulose fibres and is fully permeable

Question 8

Function of cell wall

Answer 8

Provide mechanical support for the plant cell

Question 9

What is the cell membrane

Answer 9

Partially permeable

Question 10

Function of cell membrane

Answer 10

Separates and protects the cell from its surroundings
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 11

What is the cytoplasm

Answer 11

Jelly-like medium

Question 12

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 12

Site of all cellular activities and chemical reactions

Question 13

What is the ribosome

Answer 13

Structure found as free ribosomes or attracted to structures in the cytoplasm

Question 14

What is the large central vacuole

Answer 14

Fluid-filled sac surrounded by a single partially permeable membrane
Largest organelle in the mature plant cells as it occupies 80% of mature plant cells

Question 14

Function of ribosome

Answer 14

Involved in the synthesis of protein

Question 15

Function of large central vacuole

Answer 15

Contains cell sap which is a solution of sugars and dissolved minerals

Question 16

What is the vacuole

Answer 16

Fluid-filled sac surrounded by a single membrane
Small and numerous in animal cells compared to plant cells

Question 17

Function of vacuole

Answer 17

Stores food and water substances

Question 18

What is division of labour at a unicellular level

Answer 18

Different parts of the cell perform different functions in a coordinated way for the cell to function efficiently

Question 19

Division of labour at multicellular level

Answer 19

Sharing of different functions in an organism among its cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. Ensures smooth running and effective working of different parts of an organism as a whole

Question 20

Division of labour beyond cellular level

Answer 20

Function effectively despite its larger and more complex organisation. Different cells, tissues, organs and organ systems have specialised features to carry out different functions

Question 21

What is an organelle

Answer 21

Structure within a cell that performs a specific function

Question 22

What is a cell

Answer 22

Basic structural and functional unit of life

Question 23

What is a tissue

Answer 23

Group of cells with similar structures that perform a similar function

Question 23

What is an organism

Answer 23

All the organ systems working together to support the life of an organism

Question 24

What is an organ

Answer 24

Different tissues which work together to perform a specific function

Question 24

What is an organ system

Answer 24

Several organs working as an organ system to perform body functions

Question 25

Parts of a generalized bacterium cell Plural: Bacteria

Answer 25

Ribosomes Nucleoid region (Where genetic material is) Genetic material Cytoplasm Flagellum (Some cells for movement) Cell membrane Cell wall (mixture of protein and sugar) Capsule (may be slime capsule)

Question 25

What does a bacterium cell lack

Answer 25

nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Question 26

How do bacteria reproduce

Answer 26

Asexually Binary fission: Cell elongates as DNA is replicated Cell wall and plasma membrane begin to divide Cross wall completely forms around divided DNA Cell divides`

Question 27

What are viruses

Answer 27

Smallest particles known, non-living Replicate in cells of living organism Cannot carry out living processes on their own Contains a strand of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat, capsid, for protection No cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles or its own membrane. May have an outer membrane that is derived from the membrane from the host cell. May be helical, polyhedral or complex in shape. may vary

Question 27

What is used to treat bacteria

Answer 27

Antibiotics which either kill the bacteria or prevent it from reproducing properly

Question 28

How does a virus infect a cell

Answer 28

Forces the host cell to use its own resources (nutrients, oxygen and food) to reproduce many copies of the virus. When the host cell dies, it bursts to release other copies of the bacteria, which will go on to infect other healthy cells. Virus cannot be destroyed by antibiotics