Cells Flashcards
(15 cards)
Nucleus
It controls cell activities such as cell growth, repair, metabolic reactions, and protein synthesis. It is essential for cell division.
Example sentence: The nucleus is the control center of the cell.
Plasma membrane
It controls movement of substances into and out of a cell.
Example sentence: The plasma membrane regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm
It is the site for most cellular reactions. It contains organelles and enzymes.
Example sentence: The cytoplasm is where most of the cell’s activities take place.
Cell wall
It is only found in plants or bacteria. It is fully permeable to small molecules. It protects the cell from injury and provides support. It also gives the cell its shape.
Example sentence: The cell wall provides structural support to plant cells.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
It transports proteins made by ribosomes to the Golgi apparatus for secretion out of the cell.
Example sentence: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein transportation.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
It synthesizes lipids such as fats and steroids and detoxifies drugs and poisons.
Example sentence: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in lipid synthesis.
Ribosome
It is involved in protein synthesis.
Example sentence: Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell.
Golgi apparatus (Golgi body)
It stores and chemically modifies products of the ER. It packages these products in vesicles and releases them out of the cell.
Example sentence: The Golgi apparatus processes and packages cellular proteins.
Mitochondrion (mitochondria)
It is the site of aerobic respiration. It releases energy for cellular activities such as active transport.
Example sentence: Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell.
Vacuole (animal cells)
In animal cells, vacuoles are small and numerous. They store water and food substances temporarily.
Example sentence: Animal cells have small vacuoles for temporary storage.
Vacuole (plant cells)
In plant cells, there is a large central vacuole. They store dissolved sugars, mineral salts, amino acids, and wastes in the cell sap.
Example sentence: Plant cells have a central vacuole for storage.
Chloroplast
It is the site of photosynthesis, where chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight, converting it into chemical energy and producing glucose.
Example sentence: Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.
3 structures that can be seen from under a LIGHT microscope
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
- Chloroplast
- Large vacuole (plant cell)
- Multiple small vacuoles (animal cell)
3 structures that can only be seen under a ELECTRON microscope
- Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Glogi body
- Vesicle
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
3 structures with double membranes
- Mitochondrion
- Chloroplast
- Nucleus
