cells

Question 1

anaphase

Answer 1

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles.

Question 2

chloroplasts (plant cell only)

Answer 2

Site of photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll.

Question 3

plant cell

Answer 3

Have chloroplasts, a large central vacuole, and a cell wall; generally rectangular due to the rigid cell wall.

Question 4

purpose of cell division

Answer 4

Cell division allows organisms to grow, repair damaged tissue, and reproduce.

Question 5

cell membrane

Answer 5

Semi-permeable barrier that controls what enters and exits the cell.

Question 6

lysosomes

Answer 6

Contains enzymes that digest waste materials and cellular debris.

Question 7

parts of a microscope

Answer 7

body tube, nose piece, low power, medium power, high power, stage clips, diaphragm, light source, eyepiece, arm, stage, course adjustment, fine adjustment, base

Question 8

Malignant

Answer 8

Cancerous tumours that can invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body (metastasize).

Question 9

diffusion

Answer 9

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Question 10

importance of mitosis

Answer 10

Mitosis is crucial for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction. It ensures each new cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

Question 11

mitosis

Answer 11

Division of the nucleus, includes four phases (PMAT).

Question 12

interphase

Answer 12

The cell grows and DNA is replicated.
G1 (Gap 1): The cell grows and carries out normal functions.
S (Synthesis): DNA replication occurs.
G2 (Gap 2): The cell prepares for mitosis

Question 13

osmosis

Answer 13

when water moves through a membrane from a place with less dissolved stuff to a place with more dissolved stuff.

Question 14

metaphase

Answer 14

Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.

Question 15

cancer treatments

Answer 15

cancer Treatments:
Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, depending on the cancer type and stage.

Question 16

animal cell

Answer 16

Do not have chloroplasts or a cell wall and usually have smaller, multiple vacuoles; more flexible and round in shape.

Question 17

cell theory

Answer 17

All living things are composed of cells.
The cell is the basic unit of life.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 18

telophase

Answer 18

Nuclear membranes reform around chromosomes, which begin to unwind.

Question 19

difference between a normal cell and a cancer cell

Answer 19

Normal cells grow, divide, and die in a regulated way. Cancer cells grow uncontrollably, bypassing regulatory signals and forming tumours.

Question 20

nucleus

Answer 20

Contains genetic material (DNA); controls cell activities. Located in the center of the cell.

Question 21

mutation

Answer 21

a change in the DNA sequence, which can lead to changes in proteins, sometimes causing diseases or differences in traits.

Question 22

dna

Answer 22

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a molecule that holds the instructions for making and keeping an organism alive.

Question 23

types of cancer

Answer 23

lung, breast, bone, skin, leukemia, prostate

Question 24

beign

Answer 24

Non-cancerous tumours that do not spread.

Question 25

Golgi apparatus

Answer 25

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport.

Question 26

prophase

Answer 26

Chromosomes condense, spindle fibres form, nuclear membrane dissolves.

Question 27

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 27

Rough ER: Has ribosomes attached, helps modify and fold proteins. Smooth ER: Makes lipids (fats) and removes harmful substances from the cell.

Question 28

why is dna important

Answer 28

DNA determines the characteristics of an organism, plays a role in heredity, and is essential for all cellular functions.

Question 29

cell wall (plant cell only)

Answer 29

Rigid outer layer that provides structural support and protection.

Question 30

cancer prevention

Answer 30

Prevention includes lifestyle choices like avoiding tobacco, eating a healthy diet, regular physical activity, protecting skin from UV rays, and regular screenings for early detection.

Question 31

cytokinesis

Answer 31

Division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two identical daughter cells.

Question 32

mitochondria

Answer 32

Produces energy (ATP) for the cell through cellular respiration. Found in the cytoplasm.

Question 33

Ribosomes

Answer 33

Synthesizes proteins; found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

Question 34

vacuole

Answer 34

Stores nutrients, waste products, and other materials; in plants, a large central vacuole also maintains cell structure.

Question 35

dna located

Answer 35

DNA is located in the nucleus