Cells Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is the function of the nucleus and what does it contain?
The nucleus is the ite of DNA replication and transcription and it contains the nucleolus, nucleus envelope and nucleur pores, the nucleolus contains chromatin which condenses into chromosomes in the nucleoplasm
What does
the mitochondria do and what does it contain ?
It has a double membrane and the inner membrane folds to form cristae, the inner membrane space contains a high concentration of hydrogen ions and the matrix contains circular dna and 70S ribosomes used to make proteins and self replication. Site of aerobic resporation
What does the chloroplast to and what does it contain ?
It also has a double membrane and the inner membrane folds to form thylakoids and the thylakoids stack into grana. Chlorophyll is located here and it is the site of light independent reactions the stroma contains circular dna and 70S ribosomes and also contain starch grains. It is the site of photosynthesis
What do ribosomes do ?
They are the site of protein synthesis and they are made of rRNA and protein and the site of translation.
What does the RER and SER do ?
RER is covered in ribosomes and proteins are synthesised here and folded and transported into the cisternae
SER is were lipids and steroids are synthesised
What does the Golgi body do ?
Packages and modified proteins received from the RER
What do lysosomes do ?
Break down unwanted and old organelles
What does the cell wall do ?
In plants it’s made of cellulose and in fungal cells it’s made of chitin and in prokaryotic cells it’s made of murein this gives the cell shape and prevents it from bursting
Give an example of specialisation
Eprthilial cells in the small intestine have microvilli to increase surface area and have lots of mitochondria to make more ATP
What does a bacterial cell contain ?
70S ribosomes capsule cell wall made of murein a plasma cell membrane dna and polis but sometimes the flagellum is not always present
What is a virus composed of ?
They are acellular and have no cell surface membrane and they have no organelles therefore cannot respire. It contains genetic material which is either DNA or RNA which codes for the viral protein, the capsid which protects the genetic material and attachment proteins which are complimentary to and bind to receptors on its specific host cell
What are the additional structures of a cvirus ?
It can have a glycoprotein, a viral envelope the reverse transcriptase enzyme
