Cells

Question 1

Cells are the ….

Answer 1

building blocks for life

Question 2

What reaction takes place in the cell?

Answer 2

Chemical reactions

Question 3

Name two chemical reactions

Answer 3

Aerobic respiration (glucose+oxygen->water+carbon dioxide + large amount of energy)
And photosynthesis

Question 4

What are the two things used to see cells?

Answer 4

Light microscopes and electron microscopes

Question 5

What is the magnification of both microscopes?

Answer 5

Light: 1000x
Electon: 200 000x

Question 6

What are pictures taken from microscopes called?

Answer 6

Micrographs

Question 7

What is it called when I cut smth along the length?

Answer 7

Longitudinal section

Question 8

What is it called when I cut smth across the length?

Answer 8

Transverse section

Question 9

cell surface membrane

Answer 9

• [function] controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
  –> partially permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm and made up on lipids and proteins

Question 10

cellulose cell wall

Answer 10

• [function] protects the cell from injury and gives the plant cell a fixed shape
  –> fully permeable membrane

Question 11

cytoplasm

Answer 11

• jelly like substance that fills the inside of the cell, contains organelles

Question 12

nucleus

Answer 12

• [ function ] controls cell activities such as cell division and essential for cell division

—-> chromosomes that contain deoxyribonucleic acid (hereditary info)

Question 13

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

-> [function] transports proteins synthesized by ribosomes to the Golgi body for secretion out of the cell

• consists of a network of flattened spaces lined with a membrane.
• surface appears rough under an electron microscope due to the ribosomes attached to it’s outer surface
  -outer surface is continuous with nuclear membrane

Question 14

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

-> [function] synthesizes substances such as fast and steroids (sex hormones in mammals), converts harmful substances into harmless substances

• more tubular that RER, no ribosomes attached

Question 15

Ribosomes

Answer 15

-> [function] synthesise proteins

• either attached to RER or lie freely in cytoplasm
• RER: for the body
• cytoplasm: for the cell

Question 16

Golgi body

Answer 16

-> [function] chemically modifies substances made by the RER and SER. stores and packages these substances for secretion out of cell

• flatter and further away from nucleus / RER
• shaped like a disc, consists of a stack of flattened spaces surrounded by membranes

Question 17

Mitochondrion

Answer 17

->[function] site for aerobic respiration

• anaerobic respiration is in the cytoplasm
• double membrane

Question 18

vacuole

Answer 18

->[function plant cell] maintain water potential for absorption of water. exert turgor pressure to keep plant cells turgid

-> [function animal cell] contain water and food substances (glucose and amino acids)

Question 19

differences betw animal cells and plant cells

Answer 19

1. there is an absence of cellulose cell wall in animal cell, while presence of cellulose cell wall in plant cell
2. in animal cell, presence of many small vacuoles. in plant cell, large and central vacuole
3. in animal cell, chloroplast absent. in plant cell, chloroplast present

Question 20

chloroplast

Answer 20

->[function] contains chlorophyll which traps sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 21

what is differentiation

Answer 21

the process by which a cell becomes specialized for the specific function

Question 22

adaptations of RBC

Answer 22

• structure function rls

1. contains haemoglobin (a red pigment) which binds tgt with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin to transport it to all body cells
2. circular, biconcave shape for higher SA to VR for faster absorption of oxygen in and out of the cell
3. lack of nucleus for more space to store more haemoglobin to transport more oxygen
4. flexible to squeeze through capillaries easily

Question 24

adaptations of muscle cells

Answer 24

• structure - function rls

1. elongated in shape
2. mitochondria found in abundance for higher rate of aerobic respiration to produce a larger amnt of energy for muscle cell contraction

Question 25

adaptations of root hair cell

Answer 25

* structure - function rls 1. long and narrow protrusion to increase the SA to VR of the cell for faster absorption of water and mineral salts from the soil 2. ions and mitochondria found in abundance to absorb mineral salts through active transport 3. cell sap has very low water potential to absorb more water from the soil through osmosis