Cells

Question 1

What does Prokaryotic mean?

Answer 1

Before the nucleus

Question 2

What is older, prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

Answer 2

Prokaryotic, the first life to evolve

Question 3

What are Pili?

Answer 3

Small hairs on the outside of a prokaryotic cell, help it stick to surfaces and substrates.

Question 4

What allows a prokaryotic cell to move?

Answer 4

The flagellum or flagella, tail like appendage that moves

Question 5

What replaces the nucleus in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 5

The Genophone, the single chromosome. Circle.

Question 6

What is the capsule in a prokaryotic cell made off?

Answer 6

Polysaccharide

Question 7

What are the two types of Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 7

Archaea
Bacteria

Question 8

What are the subcategories of Archaea?

Answer 8

Methogens
Halophiles
Thermophiles

Question 9

Where can you find Methogens?

Answer 9

Found in bogs, deepsols, marine and freshwater sediments, intestinal tracks and in sewerage treatment plants.
They’re anaerobic, meaning they don’t use oxygen.

Question 10

What do Methogens use as Energy?

Answer 10

Use Hydrogen to produce Methane (CH4)

Question 11

Where are Halophiles found?

Answer 11

Found in high salt areas, such as salt lakes
All aerobic

Question 12

What do Halophiles have instead of chloroplast?

Answer 12

Red pigment called Bacteriorhodopsin, makes energy without needing oxygen.

Question 13

What turns Flamingo’s pink?

Answer 13

The bacteriorhodopsin on brine shrimp.

Question 14

Where do you find Thermophiles?

Answer 14

In high temperature and high sulphur areas, such as deep sea vents and volcanic areas.

Question 15

What are the primary producers of energy into the deep sea?

Answer 15

Thermophiles

Question 16

What is a chemoautotroph?

Answer 16

Something that feeds itself with chemicals. Such as Thermophiles feeding themselves with Sulphur.

Question 17

What are 5 different groups of bacteria?

Answer 17

Coccus
Bacillus
Vibrio
Spirillim
Spirochete
Green bacteria
Purple bacteria
Cyanobacteria

Question 18

What colour does gram positive bacteria become?

Answer 18

Purple

Question 19

What does gram positive mean?

Answer 19

Contains lots of peptidoglycan, goes purple in the presence of gram strain, has thick walls.

Question 20

What does it mean when a bacteria encounters a gram strain and turns Pink?

Answer 20

Gram negative, has a thin wall, some peptidoglycan, lots of lipopolysaccharide.

Question 21

Which is pink, gram positive or gram negative?

Answer 21

Gram negative

Question 22

What is the current name for blue green algae?

Answer 22

Cyanobacteria

Question 23

What is the blue pigment in cyanobacteria called?

Answer 23

Phycoyanin

Question 24

Why is mass Cyanobacteria dangerous?

Answer 24

Some produce toxins and when they multiply rapidly, they can poison waterways.
Can cause putridification in mass dying.

Question 25

Where is Nitrofixing bacteria found?

Answer 25

Soil

Question 26

Is Nitrofixing bacteria aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 26

Can be both

Question 27

Explain the symbiotic relationship between Nitrofixing bacteria and plants?

Answer 27

The bacteria live on roots, takes nitrogen form atmosphere and turns it into ammonium for the plants.

Question 28

What does the Endomembrane system include?

Answer 28

Cell membrane, nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysomes, and other vesicles and vacuoles.

Question 29

What does the tuple of biochemical process that occurs depend on?

Answer 29

The nature of the internal membrane Arrangement of the internal membrane Presence of specific enzymes Environmental factors.

Question 30

Enzymes are found where?

Answer 30

On membranes, including cell membranes.

Question 31

How old are the oldest found fossils of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 31

2.1 billion years old.

Question 32

When did the common ancestor of multicellular eukaryotes live on earth

Answer 32

1.5 billion years ago.

Question 33

What organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?

Answer 33

Mitochondria

Question 34

What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis

Answer 34

Chloroplasts

Question 35

What organelle is responsible for the breakdown of macromolecules and recycling of organic materials in the cell?

Answer 35

Lysosomes

Question 36

What organelle is responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates and detoxification of drugs and poisons

Answer 36

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 37

What organelle is responsible for the production of proteins?

Answer 37

Rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes

Question 38

What is Endosymbiont Theory?

Answer 38

Proposes that mitochondria, chloroplasts, and other plastids, were once small prokaryotes that were engulfed by larger cells and, as either undigested prey or as a parasite, loved on a symbiotic relationship with its host and eventually became inseperable.

Question 39

What is the theory that plastids were once small prokaryotes that were engulfed by larger cells and, as either undigested prey or parasites, lived in a symbiotic relationship with its host

Answer 39

Endosymbiont Theory

Question 40

Where is DNA found in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 40

Largely found in the nucleus, but also in mitochondria and chloroplasts. The two serve like chromosomes to the cell.

Question 41

What is the job of Chloroplasts?

Answer 41

Photosynthesis

Question 42

What is the job of mitochondria?

Answer 42

Cellular respiration.

Question 43

What are the jobs of lysosomes and hydrolytic enzymes?

Answer 43

Break down macromolecules and recycle cell organic materials.

Question 44

What is the job of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 44

Synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbs, detox of drugs and poisons.

Question 45

What is the job of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 45

Production of proteins.

Question 46

What are prokaryotes classified and then subdivided as?

Answer 46

Classified and Monera, Subdivided into Schizophyta/bacteria and Cyanobacteria.