Cells

Question 1

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 1

Cells

Cell Theory states that cells are the basic unit of life.

Question 2

What are the three main principles of Cell Theory?

Answer 2

1. Cells are the basic unit of life.
2. All living things are made from cells.
3. Cells only arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 3

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 3

Genetic material (DNA)

The nucleus is essential for protein synthesis.

Question 4

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 4

Create proteins

Ribosomes can be free or bounded, serving different purposes.

Question 5

What is the difference between free ribosomes and bounded ribosomes?

Answer 5

Free ribosomes create proteins for use inside the cell; bounded ribosomes create proteins for use outside the cell.

Question 6

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 6

Contains bounded ribosomes used to create proteins.

Question 7

What does the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum produce?

Answer 7

Phospholipids and cholesterol for membrane formation.

Question 8

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 8

Modifies polypeptides and packages them into vesicles.

Question 9

What are lysosomes responsible for?

Answer 9

Digesting organelles and recycling them.

Question 10

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

Answer 10

Produces ATP.

Question 11

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 11

Arrange mitotic spindles during cell division.

Question 12

What are cilia and flagella used for?

Answer 12

Cilia helps with coordination; flagella supports movement of the cell.

Question 13

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 13

Where photosynthesis occurs.

Question 14

What is the composition of the cell wall in plant cells?

Answer 14

Polysaccharide made out of cellulose.

Question 15

Which type of cells do not require a cell wall?

Answer 15

Animal cells.

Question 16

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Answer 16

Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus.

Question 17

What are the components of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 17

• Free Flowing DNA
• Cytoplasm
• Plasmid
• Cell walls
• Pilli
• Capsule
• Flagellum

Question 18

What is compartmentalization in cells?

Answer 18

When organelles have membranes that act as barriers.

Question 19

What are the advantages of compartmentalization?

Answer 19

• Increases enzyme concentration
• Protects organelles from damaging substances
• Maintains optimum pH levels

Question 20

What are the functions of life?

Answer 20

• Metabolism
• Reproduction
• Sensitivity
• Homeostasis
• Excretion
• Nutrition
• Growth

Question 21

True or False: Red blood cells contain a nucleus.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What is the resolution of a microscope?

Answer 22

Smallest interval distinguishable by a microscope.

Question 23

What are the limitations of a light microscope?

Answer 23

Low resolution and maximum magnification.

Question 24

What is a characteristic of an electron microscope?

Answer 24

Very high magnification and resolution.

Question 25

What is fluorescent staining used for?

Answer 25

To find proteins within a cell.

Question 26

What defines a stem cell?

Answer 26

An undifferentiated cell that can divide or differentiate into specialized cells.

Question 27

What are the three types of stem cells?

Answer 27

* Totipotent * Pluripotent * Multipotent

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The phospholipid head is __________ and attracted to water.

Answer 28

hydrophilic

Question 29

What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Answer 29

Reduces membrane fluidity.

Question 30

What are integral proteins?

Answer 30

Proteins that span the width of the membrane.

Question 31

What do protein pumps do?

Answer 31

Actively pump materials by performing active transport.