Cells

Question 1

What are the three main parts of a cell?

Answer 1

Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus

Question 2

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 2

Contains the cell contents and separates them from the surrounding environment

Question 3

What makes up the plasma membrane?

Answer 3

Two layers of phospholipids arranged hydrophobic tail to hydrophobic tail

Question 4

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 4

Provides structural support for the cell membrane

Question 5

What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?

Answer 5

Production of ATP

Question 6

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 6

Produce protein from RNA

Question 7

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 7

Cell transport for lipids and proteins

Question 8

What does the term ‘homeostasis’ refer to?

Answer 8

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in a cell

Question 9

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 9

Digestion of old organelles or foreign matter

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the control center of the cell.

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

What is the process of osmosis?

Answer 11

Movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

Question 12

True or False: Active transport requires energy.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is exocytosis?

Answer 13

Movement of substances out of the cell

Question 14

What is endocytosis?

Answer 14

Movement of substances into the cell

Question 15

What are microvilli?

Answer 15

Tiny finger-like extensions on the plasma membrane that increase surface area

Question 16

What is the role of the nucleolus?

Answer 16

Site within the nucleus that forms ribosome subunits

Question 17

What happens to chromatin during cell division?

Answer 17

Chromatin coils and condenses to form chromosomes

Question 18

What are the four phases of mitosis?

Answer 18

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 19

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 19

Division of the cytoplasm during cell division

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The _______ pump is an example of active transport.

Answer 20

Na+/K+

Question 21

What is the primary purpose of meiosis?

Answer 21

Creating egg and sperm cells

Question 22

What occurs during transcription?

Answer 22

Transfer of information from DNA’s base sequence into the complementary base sequence of mRNA

Question 23

What is the function of tRNA in translation?

Answer 23

Ferries amino acids to the ribosome

Question 24

What is the semi-transparent fluid that suspends organelles within the cytoplasm?

Answer 24

Cytosol

Question 25

What is the function of peroxisomes?

Answer 25

Storage vessel with enzymes for the breakdown of amino acids and fatty acids

Question 26

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 26

Transport of substances via a specific channel without ATP

Question 27

What do centrioles do during cell division?

Answer 27

Allow attachment and separation of duplicate chromosomes

Question 28

What is the function of cilia?

Answer 28

Move liquid past the cell surface

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the liquid component of the cell that houses the organelles.

Answer 29

Cytoplasm

Question 30

What are desmosomes?

Answer 30

Cell to cell adhesion points

Question 31

What is the main role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 31

Contains ribosomes for protein production

Question 32

What is the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis?

Answer 32

Pinocytosis is 'cell drinking' (ingestion of fluids) and phagocytosis is 'cell eating' (ingestion of large particles)

Question 33

What is the role of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 33

Double membrane barrier that encloses the nucleoplasm