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Human Physiology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

Osmosis, Mitosis, Diffusion (51 cards)

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1
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains chromatin material (DNA)

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2
Q

Nucleolus

A

Contains RNA

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3
Q

Free Ribosomes

A

(Floating in the cytosol) Site for protein reproduction

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4
Q

Protein production

A

DNA-RNA-Ribosomes

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5
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Contains fixed ribosomes
Transports protein to the Golgi Apparatus

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6
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Synthesis of lipids, hormones, and carbohydrates
Detoxifies drugs and alcohol

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7
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Modifies the raw protein made by Ribosomes
Produces Lysosomes

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8
Q

Lysosomes

A

Breaks down organic molecules
Contains a variety of enzymes
Prevents accumulation of organic molecules

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9
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Contains the enzyme catalase
Breaks down hydrogen peroxide (byproduct of reactions in the body)
Keeps hydrogen peroxide from accumulating

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10
Q

Mitochondria

A

Produces energy in the form of ATP
Indirectly responsible for cholesterol production

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11
Q

Vaults

A

Verdict is still out
Seems to be involved in the efficiency of chemotherapy
Makes it ineffective

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12
Q

ICF

A

Intracellular Fluid

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13
Q

ECF

A

Extracellular Fluid

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14
Q

Structure of the Cell

A

1 membrane
2 layers

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15
Q

4 Major Molecules of the Cell Membrane and Their Similarity

A
  1. Protein
  2. Cholesterol
  3. Phospholipids
  4. Glycolipids

All Insoluble to Water

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16
Q

Glycolipids Location

A

Outer layer

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17
Q

Phospholipids Location

A

Outer and inner layer

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18
Q

Protein Location

A

Outer and inner layer

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19
Q

Cholesterol Location

A

Outer and inner layer

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20
Q

Phospholipid Structure and Function

A

2 fatty acids
1 phosphate ion
1 glycerol

Provides the structure of the cell membrane
Provides protection for the cell

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21
Q

Glycolipid Structure and Function

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A

2 fatty acids
1 carbohydrate
1 glycerol

Cellular identification by the extended carbohydrate
ex. Blood type

22
Q

Cholesterol Structure and Function

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A

Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Carbon atoms

Seems to control the rate at which material flows into and out of the cell

23
Q

Fat Molecule Anatomy

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A

1 glycerol
3 fatty acids

24
Q

Too much cholesterol =

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A

Too much material goes in and out

25
Location where molecules can pass through cell membrane?
Protein Channels Between Phospholipids
26
Not enough cholesterol =
Cell membrane collapses
27
Channel Protein Function
Allow material to pass into the cell
28
All molecules are
In a constant state of motion (Kinetic energy)
29
Diffusion
From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
30
Osmosis
The movement of specifically water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
31
What happens to the cell when water enters
Cell will swell and gain weight
32
What happens to the cell when water exits
Cell will shrink and lose wight
33
Hypertonic
More solutes
34
Hypotonic
Less solutes
35
Isotonic
Both areas have the same concentration of solutes
36
Process of Cell Respiration
Growth Factors--->Cyclin D---->Cyclin D CDK 4 Complex--->RB PO4----------->G1, S, G2----->Prophase------>Metaphase---->Anaphase----->Telophase---->Cytokinesis
37
TP 53 produces
p53 protein
38
p53 function
Analyzes DNA during interphase If senses something wrong-activates p21
39
p21 produces
CDK-4 Complex
40
Reproduction of abnormal DNA =
Cancer
41
Steps only in cell reproduction
1. Interphase 2. Cytokinesis
42
Mitosis Steps
1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase
43
Chromosome
A pair of chromatids
44
Centromere
Connects two chromatids
45
Centriole
Produces spindle fibers in the cell
46
Metaphase
Paired Chromatids line up in the middle Spindle fibers connect to centromere
47
Anaphase
Spindle fibers pull the two chromatids apart towards the poles
48
Telophase
Nuclear membrane begins to pinch inward
49
Prophase
See paired chromatids
50
Interphase
Chromosomes form paired chromatids Everything duplicating
51
Cytokinesis
Entire cell membrane breaks apart creating two new cells

Human Physiology (4 decks)

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