Cells Flashcards
(48 cards)
What type of cellular organisms are prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms
What are two types of prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes are divided into bacteria and archae.
What is the difference between bacteria and archae?
Bacteria and archae differ in genetic material and proteins, however, archae live in extreme hot or extreme cold environments. (70-80 degrees)
What is more abundant: eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes are much more in abundance than eukaryotes.
What are prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes are unicellular cells that lack membrane-bound organelles such as the nuclues
What are eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes are either multicellular or unicellular cells that have membrane bound organelles such as the nucleus
What are the componenets of prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes have four common structures: which are cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, and ribosomes.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes are structures within a cell that allow protein synthesis.
What other structures do prokaryotes have?
Other structures that prokaryotes have is flagella (rocomotion), capsule, pili, and a cell wall.
What function does the cell wall have within plants?
Cells walls within plants are vital for rigidity and keeping upright.
How do plants remain upright?
Plants remain upright through their cell membranes in which the vacuole (which is a sac filled with water and other sap) fills up and keeps pressure against the cell wall, which allows the plant to remain upright.
What are the differences between plant and animal cells? in terms of cell wall
Animal cells have no cell wall.
Plant cells have cell walls.
What is the function of lysosomes?
Lysomes are sacs of enzyme enclosed by membrane, release digestive enzymes and cause cell death.
What do the organelles in eukaryotes carry out?
Each organelle has a specific function within the cell. Together, these organelles carry out all of the biochemical processes and reactions such as repspiration and photosynthesis (only in plants)
Why are organelles important?
Organelles are important as they are required for the successful functioning of a living cell.
What is the difference between animal and plant cells? in terms of cholorplasts?
Animal cells have no chlorplasts.
Plant cells have chloroplasts.
What is the difference between animal and plant cells? in terms of vaculoes
Animal cells have small vacuoles.
Plant cells have large vaculoes.
What is the difference between animal and plant cells? in terms of lysomes
Animal cells have many lysomes.
Plant cells have rare lysomes
What is the difference between animal and plant cells? in terms of mitochondria
Animal cells have numerous mitochondria.
Plant cells have few mitochondria.
What are some different types of microscopes?
- Light microscope
2.Phase-contrast microscope (unstained -intact living cells) - Fluorescence microscope (fluorescence dyes)
- Scanning confocal microscope
- Transmission electron microscope
What is the function of the nucleus?
The nucleus is the control centre of the cell;
it stores information needed to control all cell activiites.
communicates with cytoplasm
What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum?
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
Rough and Soft
Basically, endoplasmic reticulum are pathways from the nucelus to the organelles - allowing for transport of materials.
What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Endoplasm reticulum’s are described as rough, as they have ribosomes on the surface.
These ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.
What is the function of soft endoplasmic reticulum?
Soft endoplasmic reticulum’s have no ribosomes and so appears smooth.
Involved in the production of enzymes that assist with making various chemicals.
