Cells Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the two main types of organisms based on cell structure?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
What is the function of the nucleus in an animal cell?
Contains genetic material that controls the cell’s activities
What is the cytoplasm?
A gel-like substance where most chemical reactions happen
Where does aerobic respiration reactions take place in animal cells?
The mitochondria
What is the role of the cell membrane?
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
What are ribosomes responsible for in a cell?
Where proteins are made(protein synthesis)
What additional structures do plant cells have compared to animal cells?
Rigid cell wall, chloroplasts, and permanent vacuole
What is the function of the rigid cell wall in plant cells?
Supports and strengthens the cell
What is the function of chloroplasts?
They absorb light in order for photosynthesis to occur, making food for the plant.
What is the green substance in chloroplasts that absorbs light?
Chlorophyll
What type of cell are bacterial cells classified as?
Prokaryotes
Do bacterial cells have a true nucleus?
No, they have a single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm
What are plasmids?
Small rings of DNA
What is the equation to work out the area of a subcellular structure
Area = length x width
True or False: All living things are made of cells.
True
what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells. Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler like bacteria. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, and prokaryotic cells do not
What are all of the subcellular structures in an animal cell?
Nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
Give 3 ways in which animal cells are different from plant cells.
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a (permanent) vacuole, while an animal cell does not.
Give the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are smaller than entraryotic cells, prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus or any mitochondria but eukaryotic cells do, prokaryotic cells have circular DNA but eukaryotic cells do not.
Where is the DNA in a prokaryotic cell?
It floats freely in the cytoplasm, it is not stored in a nucleus.
