Cells Flashcards
(47 cards)
Chloroplast
organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place; contains chlorophyll
Family (Taxonomy)
a taxonomic rank below order; families are separated into smaller groups called genera
Example: humans are in the family Hominidae
Centrioles
the cell organelles which organize the spindle and pull chromosomes apart during mitosis. Found only in animal cells.
Bacteria
single celled, microscopic organisms that can be spherical, spiral, or rod shaped. Prokaryotic (no nucleus). Can be helpful or harmful.
Example: E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus
Non-Vascular Plant
very small plants without true roots, leaves, or stems that absorb nutrients and water directly into their cell
Example: mosses, hornworts, liverworts
Cell Wall
A rigid outer membrane that gives the cell their shape and offers support for growth. In plants, it is made of cellulose. In bacteria, it is made of peptidoglycan.
Cytoskeleton
threadlike proteins that give a cell its shape and allows it to move
Example: microtubules
Protists Kingdom
eukaryotic, single-celled, but not an animal, plant, or fungus.
Example: slime molds
Nucleic Acids
The biomolecule that forms DNA and RNA. The specific sequence of nucleic acids (the monomer) provides the genetic information of the organism.
Example: DNA, RNA
Polymer
multiple units of monomers bonded to form a macromolecule
Example: Polypeptide Chain
Vesicle
organelle that transport materials throughout the cell.
Nucleus (of the Cell)
organelle that contains DNA and can control cellular activity by turning genes in DNA on and off
Coniferous Tree
type of tree that do NOT shed all of their leaves at a specific time/event (such as winter)
Example: pine tree
Organelle
membrane-bound structures with specific roles. Found in all eukaryotic cells
Example: nucleus
Lipids / Fats
large fat molecules used for energy storage; monomers are fatty acids and glycerol, which come together to form lipids such as phospholipids.
Example: Fatty Acid
Plant Kingdom
eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic organisms (producers)
Example: grass
Lysosome
organelle in animal cells that contains enzymes to break down large molecules. It breaks down the cell when it dies
Taxonomic Hierarchy
classification system used to categorize all living organisms. The classification starts with the most inclusive group according to characteristics (domain) and ends with the most specific (species).
Reptiles
cold-blooded, egg-laying vertebrates with scales or plates on skin and at least one lung
Example: lizards, turtles, snakes, crocodiles
insects
animals that typically have: no backbone (invertebrates), a hard outer covering (exoskeleton), three body parts (head, thorax, abdomen), antennae, 3 pairs of legs
Example: bee
mitosis
the cell cycle when the nucleus of a cell separates into two, resulting in two new daughter cells (somatic cells) with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Example: skin cells dividing, bacteria reproducing
Golgi Complex / Golgi Apparatus
organelle that takes in proteins, makes sure they aren’t defective, and “packages” them in vesicles to send them to other parts of the cell.
Archaea / Archaebacteria
single celled organisms that sometimes live in extreme places where life wasn’t expected to be found, such as around hot water vents deep in the ocean
proteins
Large biomolecules composed of amino acids (the monomers) that carry out many different cell functions. When broken down, release usable energy for the cell.
Example: hemoglobin
