cells Flashcards
(26 cards)
what is a theory
A theory explains a wide range of phenomena supported by evidence and experimentation
e.g. Evolution, Big Bang, Cell
what is a law
A law describes a specific relationship observed in nature.
e.g. Motion, Energy Conservation
What are specialised units found in every organism?
Cells
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
What are cells that are not specialised called?
Stem cells
Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types.
What happens to stem cells as they grow and develop?
They are differentiated to have a function
Differentiation is the process by which stem cells develop into specialized cells.
What are some examples of specialised cells?
Blood cells, skin cells, hair cells
These cells perform specific functions within the organism.
What are specialised cells referred to as?
Tissues
Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.
When we refer to muscle or skin or blood, what are we typically referring to?
Tissues
It is uncommon for each cell to be isolated from others of the same type.
What do cells consist of?
Organelles that have different functions
Organelles are specialized structures within cells that carry out specific tasks.
Both plant and animal cells consist of … organelles.
cell membrane
cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
nucleus
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi body
ribosomes
What do PLANT cells have that animal cells don’t?
Cell wall
chloroplasts
Large, permanant vacuole
What do ANIMAL cells have that plant cells don’t?
Centrioles
Lysosomes
What is the function of membranes in a cell?
Selectively permeable boundaries, control the movement of substances into and out of the cell/organelle
Membranes are essential for maintaining homeostasis within cells.
What does protoplasm refer to?
The living content of a cell that is surrounded by the cell membrane
Protoplasm includes both the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
The control and information centre
The nucleus contains genetic material that regulates cell activities.
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Transport and processing of proteins and lipids
The endoplasmic reticulum can be rough (with ribosomes) or smooth (without ribosomes).
What do Golgi bodies do?
Packaging and sorting the products
Golgi bodies modify proteins and lipids before they are sent to their destinations.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
Ribosomes can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the role of lysosomes in a cell?
Digestion and cell destruction
Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
What is the main function of mitochondria?
Cellular respiration – production and storage of energy (ATP)
Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell.
What do vacuoles do in a cell?
Storage and support
Vacuoles can store nutrients, waste products, or other materials.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which captures light energy for photosynthesis.
What is the role of the plant cell wall?
Shape and support
The cell wall provides structural integrity and protection to plant cells.
