Cells

Question 1

What is the name of the process of cell production?

Answer 1

Hematopoiesis

Question 2

What is the full name for a hemocytoblast?

Answer 2

Multi potential hemapoietic stem cell

Question 3

Where does cell production occur?

Answer 3

Bone marrow

Question 4

What are the 3 purposes of cell production and which cells are responsible for them?

Answer 4

Oxygenation by erythrocytes
Coagulation by thrombocytes
Protection by leukocytes

Question 5

After age 4, hematopoesis is confined to which 6 areas?

Answer 5

Pelvis
Sternum
Ribs
Vertebrae
Cranium
Proximal epiphyses of the femur and humerus

Question 6

Myeloid v lymphoid - line of defence

Answer 6

Myeloid is innate / first line of defence
Lymphoid is adaptive / second line of defence

Question 7

Myeloid v lymphoid - maturation

Answer 7

Myeloid mature inside the bone marrow
Lymphoid mature outside the bone marrow

Question 8

Myeloid v lymphoid - lifespan

Answer 8

Myeloid have a short lifespan
Lymphoid have a long lifespan

Question 9

Myeloid v lymphoid - roles

Answer 9

Both produce cells that fight off infections and respond to threats

Question 10

What is the function of an erythrocyte?

Answer 10

Transport O2 and CO2

Question 11

What binds to oxygen inside the erythrocyte?

Answer 11

Hemoglobin

Question 12

What is the hemoglobin range for a man?

Answer 12

13.2 - 16.6 g/dL

Question 13

What is the hemoglobin range for women?

Answer 13

11.5 - 15 g/dL

Question 14

What is the lifespan on an erythrocyte

Answer 14

Roughly 120 days

Question 15

What is erythropoietin and what it its role?

Answer 15

A hormone produced and released by the kidneys into the bloodstream to signal bone marrow to produce more erythrocytes

Question 16

What do mast cells release?

Answer 16

Histamine and protease

Question 17

What is histamine?

Answer 17

A biogenic amine that mediates allergic reactions and inflammatory responses

Question 18

What is protease?

Answer 18

An enzyme that breaks down proteins and can play roles in both promoting and inhibiting histamine release

Question 19

Where are mast cells located?

Answer 19

In connective tissue

Question 20

What is the primary role of megakaryocytes?

Answer 20

Thrombopoiesis

Question 21

What is the role of thrombocytes?

Answer 21

Essential for blood clotting by initiating the coagulation cascade and repairing damaged cells

Question 22

What is haemostasis?

Answer 22

Stopping bleeding

Question 23

What are the 4 steps of haemostasis?

Answer 23

1. Adhesion of platelets to collagen at site
2. Aggregation (clumping) of platelets
3. Release reaction of other platelets and cells
4. Coagulation cascade to further initiate clotting

Question 24

What is the difference between leukocytes and granulocytes?

Answer 24

Leukocytes are all white blood cells and granulocytes are a specific type of white blood cell

Question 25

What is the function of a myoblast?

Answer 25

Produce mature leukocytes AKA granulocytes

Question 26

What are the 5 granulocytes?

Answer 26

Basophils Neutrophils Eosinophils Monocyte Macrophage

Question 27

Which granulocytes contains heparin?

Answer 27

Basophil

Question 28

Which 2 granulocytes primary function is phagocytosis?

Answer 28

Neutrophil and macrophages

Question 29

Which 2 granulocytes fight parasites?

Answer 29

Basophils and eosinophils

Question 30

Which granulocytes produces macrophages?

Answer 30

Monocyte

Question 31

Which granulocytes regulates blood vascular permeability and why?

Answer 31

Basophils To help leukocytes migrate to the area

Question 32

What are the 3 types of T cells and their role?

Answer 32

Helper T cells - acituvates other immune cells inc b cells Cytotoxic T cell - directly kills infected and cancerous cells Regulatory T cell - regulates immune response by minimising excessive harm

Question 33

What are the 2 b cells and their role?

Answer 33

Memory cells: remember past antigens and present them to help coordinate immune response Plasma cells: release antibodies that bind to antigens on foreign cells to trigger phagocytosis