Cells

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of the body

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

Smallest living unit in the human body

Question 3

Eucaryotes

Answer 3

Plant and animal cells

Question 4

Components of the (animal) Cell

Answer 4

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm and organelles

Question 5

What is a Plasma membrane?

Answer 5

A cell membrane - barrier around outside

Question 6

Define Cytoplasm?

Answer 6

Material between plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane; cell contents excluding nucleus

Question 7

What is Cytosol?

Answer 7

The viscous gel like fluid creating the cytoplasm. Organelles are suspended in this and many small molecules dissolve in this (proteins, ions, enzymes)

Question 8

What is an organelle?

Answer 8

Specialised intracellular structures of characteristic shape that carry out specific roles in the cell

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

Intracellular organelle responsible for generating most of the ATP required for cellular operations; energy powerhouse
ATP= Adenosine Triphosphate; high energy compound

Question 10

Lysosomes

Answer 10

Intracellular vesicle with digestive enzymes; acidic environment lysing wide variety of molecules.`

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

Organelle; contains RNA; create (synthesise) proteins from amino acids

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

Core of cell; largest organelle; nuclear membrane with pores; 1 or more nucleolus; chromatin (DNA)

Question 13

Nucleolus & Chromatin

Answer 13

Part of nucleus

DNA and more DNA. Our genetic make up

Question 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 14

Network of membraneous channels in cytoplasm of cell.
Function in intracellular transport, synthesis, storage, packaging and secretion.
Large surface area

Question 15

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 15

Membraneous organelle studded with ribosomes; site of protein synthesis and storage
(bench full of tools; those tools being ribosomes)

Question 16

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 16

Membraneous organelle in which phospholipid, fatty acid and steroid synthesis and storage occur.

Question 17

Golgi Aparatus (complex/body)

Answer 17

Processes and delivers lipids and proteins to plasma membrane for secretion.
(Packaging factory: wraps up, processes and sends to address, usually outside of the cell)

Question 18

Flagella & Cilia

Answer 18

Structurally similar organelles

Flagella: used to propel cell through fluid like sperm

Question 19

Cytoskeleton

Answer 19

Network of microtubules and microfilaments in the cytoplasm.

Responsible for movement of cell and movement of organelles and molecules within cell; supports shape of cell

Question 20

Enzyme

Answer 20

A protein that catalyses a specific biochemical reaction.

Promote chemical reactions ( E.g. Breakdown of sugars)

Question 21

Cell membrane (Plasma Membrane)

Answer 21

Thin (6-10nm) barrier separating internal components of cell from the exterior environment. It regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 22

Fluid Mosaic model of membrane structure

Answer 22

Membrane is a bilayer; proteins floating in “sea” of lipids.

Question 23

Membrane Proteins

Answer 23

enzymes, receptors, anchors, transporters

Question 24

Diffusion

Answer 24

Passive molecular movement from and area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration.

Continual random (passive) movement of particles amongst each other.
The way particles move inside and around cells in the absence of specific transport mechanisms.

Question 25

Osmosis

Answer 25

Movement of water across selectively permeable membrane from one solution to another solution of higher solute concentrate

Question 26

Active transport

Answer 26

requires energy - ATP

ATP dependent absorption or secretion of solutes across a plasma membrane

Question 27

Bulk Transport

Answer 27

Plasma membrane engulfs the substance and the membrane enclosed vesicle moves through the membrane.