Cells (3/3.1)

Question 1

The basic units of structure and function in living things

Answer 1

Cell-

Question 2

-States that all living things are composed of cells

Answer 2

Cell Theory

Question 3

• a small, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell

Answer 3

Virus

Question 4

is the process in which cells break down food and release the energy stored.

Answer 4

Cellular respiration-

Question 5

is the energy currency of life, it is a high energy molecule found in every cell and its job is to store and supply the cell with needed energy

Answer 5

ATP-adenosine triphosphate, or ATP for short,

Question 6

Widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.

Answer 6

Cell theory

Question 7

Cell size is LIMITED. true or false?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

As cell size ____, it takes longer for material to ___ from the cell membrane to the interior of the cell.

Answer 8

increases; diffuse

Question 9

Surface area-to-volume ratio: as a cell increases in size, the volume ____faster than surface area.

Answer 9

increases 10x

Question 10

A ____is a membrane-covered structure that contains all of the materials necessary for life

Answer 10

cell

Question 11

A change that affects the activity of an organism is called a

Answer 11

stimulus (plural: stimuli)

Question 12

A stimulus can be anything else that causes an organism to respond in some way. Give other examples

Answer 12

gravity, light, sound, a chemical, hunger

Question 13

The maintenance of a stable internal environment is called

Answer 13

homeostasis.

Question 14

Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane Made of porous cellulose so it does not regulate what enters and leaves, fungal walls (chitin)

Answer 14

Cell Wall

Question 15

Functions: separates the inside of the cell from its environment, provides support and protection Controls what substances enter and leave the cell

Answer 15

Cell Membrane

Question 16

Nickname: “The Control Center”- directs all activities in the cell
Function: holds the DNA

Answer 16

Nucleus

Question 17

____strands that contain genetic material, the instructions for directing the cell’s function.
_____dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes
_____surrounds nucleus, protects, composed of 2 phospholipid bilayers

Answer 17

Chromatin; Nucleolus; Nuclear Envelope -

Question 18

______

Nickname: _____- clear thick jellylike material
Function: supports and protects cell organelles

Answer 18

Cytoplasm; “Cytosol”

Question 19

_______

• network of protein fibers found in all eukaryotic cells
• supports the shape of the cell keeps organelles in fixed locations
• helps move materials within the cell

Answer 19

Cytoskeleton

Question 20

• responsible for cellular contractions, crawling. “pinching”
• provide organization to the cell and move materials within the cell
• provide structural stability

Answer 20

-actin filaments; - Microtubules; intermediate filaments

Question 21

______

Function: traps energy from the sun and uses it to produce food for the plant cell

Answer 21

Chloroplasts

Question 22

_______ are membranous sacs within the inner membrane

_______are stacks of thylakoids

Answer 22

thylakoids; -grana

Question 23

Nickname: “The Powerhouse”, rod shaped structures

Function: Energy formation Breaks down food to make ATP

Answer 23

Mitochondria

Question 24

is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy. Converts energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.

Answer 24

ATP:

Question 25

________ -surrounded by 2 membranes -smooth, outer membrane - folded inner membrane with layers called _____ - ______is within the inner membrane - intermembrane space is located between the two membranes - contain their own DNA

Answer 25

Mitochondria; cristae; matrix

Question 26

Function: Factories that produce proteins and transports to Golgi bodies from endoplasmic reticulum composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins, grain-like in appearance

Answer 26

Ribosomes

Question 27

Nickname: "Roads" Function: The internal delivery system of the cell, passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.

Answer 27

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 28

- membranes that create a network of channels throughout the cytoplasm - attachment of ____ to the membrane gives a rough appearance - synthesis of proteins to be secreted, sent to lysosomes or plasma membrane

Answer 28

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER); ribosomes

Question 29

``` -relatively few ribosomes attached functions: -synthesis of membrane lipids -calcium storage -detoxification of foreign substances ```

Answer 29

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

______: circular, but bigger than ribosomes Nickname: "Clean-up Crews", small round structures Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells by ____, Contain chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell (macromolecules).

Answer 30

Lysosomes; phagocytosis

Question 31

_________ Nickname: The shippers Function: receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the Endoplasmic Reticulum, packages, modifies, and transports materials to different locations inside/outside of the cell

Answer 31

Golgi Body/Apparatus

Question 32

``` flatten stacks of interconnected membranes (pancakes) ```

Answer 32

Golgi Apparatus

Question 33

____ is the highest taxonomic category, higher even than kingdom.

Answer 33

domain

Question 34

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 34

Archaea (archaeobacteria) Bacteria (eubacteria) Eukarya

Question 35

(a very heterogeneous group that are neither animals, plants or fungi and are often single cell and small e.g., protozoa).

Answer 35

protists

Question 36

Bacteria which show a wide variety of shapes within a single species are said to be ______

Answer 36

Pleomorphic.