CELLS

Question 1

NUCLEUS

Answer 1

• Contains genetic information

- Controls the cell

Question 2

NUCLEOLUS

Answer 2

Produces ribosomes

Question 3

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

Answer 3

• Contains the genetic material
• Has nuclear pores which allow communication between the nucleus
  and cytoplasm by allowing molecules to enter / leave the nucleus

Question 4

RER

Answer 4

• Produces and transports proteins

Question 5

SER

Answer 5

• Produces and transports lipids

Question 6

GOLGI APPARATUS

Answer 6

• Modification and packaging of proteins

- Produces vesicles

Question 7

RIBOSOMES

Answer 7

• Protein synthesis

- Translation

Question 8

LYSOSOMES

Answer 8

• Contain hydrolytic enzymes which are used to digest organelles

Question 9

CHLOROPLASTS

Answer 9

• Photosynthesis

Question 10

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Answer 10

• Controls entry/exit of substances into/out of the cell

- Acts as a barrier separating the cell contents from the environment

Question 11

CENTRIOLES

Answer 11

• Formation of spindle fibres during cell division

Question 12

FLAGELLA

Answer 12

• Movement of cell

Question 13

CILIA

Answer 13

• Wafts mucus and bacteria trapped within away from lungs

Question 14

CYTOPLASM

Answer 14

• Site of chemical reactions

Question 15

CELL WALL

Answer 15

• Gives cell shape, strength and support
• Prevents bursting
• Fully permeable

Question 16

VACUOLE

Answer 16

• Provides the cell with support

- Controls water potential

Question 16

What is difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 16

Eukaryotic - Have a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Prokaryotic - Don’t have a true nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Question 17

What is the middle of a mitochondrion called?

Answer 17

Matrix

Question 18

What is the centre of a chloroplast called?

Answer 18

Storma

Question 20

What is the type of DNA in a mitochondrion?

Answer 20

Circular

Question 21

How many membranes are there in a mitochondrion? Name them.

Answer 21

Three:

• Inner membrane
• Inter membrane
• Outer membrane

Question 22

What are the similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Answer 22

• They both an inner membrane, an inter membrane and an outer membrane.
• Both have ribosomes and DNA

Question 23

What are the differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Answer 23

Mitochondria - Aerobic respiration
Chloroplasts - Photosynthesis

Mitochondria - Folded membrane
Chloroplasts - Not folded

Mitochondria - Centre is the Matrix
Chloroplasts - Centre is the storma

Question 24

Why do some diagrams of the same organelle (mitochondria) appear different?

Answer 24

• Mitochondria vary in shape and length

- Diagrams show different cross sections

Question 25

Outline the events that occur during the release of extra cellular proteins out of the cell.

Answer 25

- Proteins move into the Golgi apparatus where they are modified and packaged into vesicles. - The vesicles moves into the plasma membrane where it fuses with the membrane - The proteins are released by exocytosis.

Question 26

Where does energy required for the movement of the cytoskeleton come from?

Answer 26

- ATP is produces during aerobic respiration in mitochondria which releases energy

Question 27

Outline the roles of the cytoskeleton.

Answer 27

- Provides strength to the cell - Movement of flagella for cell movement - Movement of cilia to move mucus containing bacteria - Attaches to organelles to hold them in place - Make up centrioles

Question 28

NUCLEOID DNA

Answer 28

- Contains essential genetic information | - Controls the cell

Question 29

PLASMID

Answer 29

- Contains beneficial genetic information

Question 30

MESOSOME

Answer 30

- Produce ATP to release energy through aerobic respiration

Question 31

SLIME CAPSULE

Answer 31

- Contains hydrolytic enzymes | - Protects against dehydration

Question 32

What's is the DNA in a prokaryotic cell called?

Answer 32

Nucleoid DNA

Question 33

How many membranes are there in a prokaryotic cell? Name them.

Answer 33

Three: - Cell membrane - Cell wall - Cell capsule

Question 34

What is division of labour?

Answer 34

Any system where different parts perform specialised functions, each contributing to the functioning of the whole cell

Question 35

What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 35

EUKARYOTIC - True nucleus - Membrane bound organelles - Linear DNA - Larger cell size - Larger ribosomes - DNA associated with his tone proteins - Cellulose cell wall in plants - No plasmid

Question 36

What is the cell wall of a prokaryotic cell made of?

Answer 36

Peptidoglycan

Question 37

What is the size of an eukaryotic cell?

Answer 37

20-40μm

Question 38

What is the size of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 38

0.5-5μm

Question 39

What is the size of a ribosome in an eukaryotic cell?

Answer 39

22nn

Question 40

What is the size of a ribosome in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 40

18nn

Question 41

What are the differences between animal and plant cells?

Answer 41

ANIMAL - No cell wall - No large permanent vacuole - No chloroplasts present - Centrioles present