Cells

Question 1

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 1

Transfers substances/ information throughout the cell

Around the nucleus

Question 2

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 2

Stores important substances until later needed

Bubble of liquid

Question 3

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 3

Gives cell energy by Turing food into energy

Jelly bean shape with squiggly

Question 4

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 4

Keeps certain substances in while keeping others out

Outside edge of cell

Question 5

What is the function of the nucleus

Answer 5

Holds generic information (DNA)
Tells the cell what to do
Is the brain of the cell

(Middle of the cell)

Question 6

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 6

Keeps organelles in place but also allows them to move around

Question 7

What is the function of the Golgi body?

Answer 7

Stores the important things and takes it to other parts of the body

(Looks life wifi symbol)

Question 8

What 2 organelles are in the plant cell but not the animal cell?

Answer 8

Chloroplast

Cell wall

Question 9

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 9

Supports cell
Protects from physical injury

(Outside cell membrane)

Question 10

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Answer 10

Where photosynthesis takes place
What makes the plant green

(Oval with circles)

Question 11

What is cancer?

Answer 11

Cell division go wrong

Divides bad cancerous cells

Question 12

Things to prevent cancer

Answer 12

-early detection (screening)

Factors that effect risk

• family history
• exposure to carcinogens
• lifestyle choices

Question 13

What is carcinogens? What are some examples?

Answer 13

Carcinogens are environmental factors that cause cancer. 
Some carcinogens are 
-tobacco mole 
-viruses (HPV and hep B)
-radiation (x-rays, UV rays)
-chemicals in plastics 
-organic solvents

Question 14

What is a malignant tumour?

Answer 14

• affects surrounding tissues may even destroy them

- cancerous cells

Question 15

What is a benign tumour?

Answer 15

• non cancerous tumours

- can grow large and crowd surrounding cells

Question 16

Examples of specialized cells

Answer 16

• muscle cells that use a lot of energy will have a lot of mitochondria
• cells that help keep dirt out of the lungs by secreting mucus (goblet cells) have many Golgi bodies

Question 17

What are specialized cells?

Answer 17

• cells that have a unique function so that it can perform a specific function
• come from non specialized cells

Question 18

3 big ideas of cell theory

Answer 18

1- all living things are made up of one or more calls and their products
2- the cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes
3- all cells come from other cells they do not come from non living matter

Question 19

What is osmosis?

Answer 19

• same as diffusion

- water moves from where they is lots of water to an area where there is less water

Question 20

What is diffusion?

Answer 20

Chemicals move from an area of high concentrations to an area of low concentration

High concentration to low concentration

Question 21

What is asexual and sexual reproduction?

Answer 21

Asexual
-genetically identical offspring to one parent

Sexual reproduction
-2 parents, offspring will have characteristics of both parents

Question 22

Why is cell division important?

Answer 22

Cell division slows organisms to reproduce, grow and repair damage

Question 23

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 23

1- interphase 
2- prophase 
3- metaphase 
4- anaphase 
5- telophase 
6- cytokinesis

Question 24

4 stages of mitosis

Answer 24

Prophase 
Metaphase 
Anaphase 
Telophase 
(PMAT)

Question 25

What happens in prophase?

Answer 25

- the DNA condenses into tightly packed chromosomes | - nuclear membrane dissolves

Question 26

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 26

- chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell | - spindle divers extend from the centromere and attach to the centromere

Question 27

What happens in anaphase?

Answer 27

- centromere splits and sister chromatids separate | - daughter chromosomes move to opposite end of the cell

Question 28

What happens in telophase?

Answer 28

- daughter chromosomes stretch out and become thinner - nuclear membrane forms around each set of daughter chromosomes - looks like it has 2 nuclei

Question 29

What happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 29

- chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell | - pinched off the middle of the cell to form 2 cells

Question 30

What are meristematic cells?

Answer 30

-meristematic cells have the ability to differentiate into specialized tissues

Question 31

Why should interphase not be called the "resting" phase?

Answer 31

The cell is growing and undergoing cell process during interphase. The DNA also replicates in preparation for preparation for mitosis.

Question 32

What is the difference between cytokinesis in an animal cell and cytokinesis in a plant cell?

Answer 32

In an animal cells the cell membrane comes together and pitches off in the middle, in plant cells a plate forms in between the two daughter cells which will then become a new cell wall

Question 33

What's the difference between a vacuole in a plant cell and a vacuole in an animal cell?

Answer 33

Vacuoles in animal cells are fluid-filled sacs that transport things in and out/through the cell, In a plant cell there is one large vacuole that determines if the plane is wilting or firm on water

Question 34

What are undifferentiated cells in plants called?

Answer 34

Meristematic cells